中文摘要:《玛丽·巴顿》是伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔的第一部社会小说,出版于1848年。小说以英国棉纺织中心曼彻斯特为背景,叙述了19世纪30年代到40年代经济大萧条时期的劳资冲突。在英国工业化的进程中,伴随着劳资矛盾的尖锐化和生存环境的恶劣化,工人为反抗资本家展开了一系列罢工和请愿活动。请愿遭拒后,工人与资本家之间的矛盾进一步激化,工人代表约翰·巴顿刺杀了工厂主卡森的儿子哈利,本该是争锋相对的局面,最后峰回路转,卡森原谅了约翰·巴顿。基于社会生态学,本论文从人与自然、人与人之间的关系这两个方面来剖析《玛丽·巴顿》,先论述了工业发展对环境的污染以及由环境污染引发的疾病,然后讲述了贫苦大众之间的矛盾和工人资本家之间的劳资冲突,最后一切矛盾冲突回归和谐。小说中提出了处理矛盾的方式:人应尊重和欣赏自然;人与人之间应相互体谅,互助互爱,而斗争只会加剧矛盾。这一观点与当今社会提倡的可持续发展以及和谐社会不谋而合,进一步说明了人与自然、人与人之间和睦共存的重要性。
关键词:《玛丽·巴顿》;社会生态学;人与自然的关系;人与人的关系
TABLE OF CONTENTS
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter One Introduction-1
Chapter Two Social Ecology-3
2.1 The development of social ecology-3
2.2 Representative theories and writings of social ecology-4
2.3 Significance of the ecological criticism-5
Chapter Three Relationships between Human and Nature-7
3.1Environmental pollution produced by industrial development-7
3.2 Fever caused by the environmental pollution-8
3.3 One way of easing the contradictions between human and nature: respecting and appreciating nature-9
Chapter Four Relationships between Human Beings-12
4.1 The contradictions between the poor-12
4.1.1 The contradictions within Mary’s family-12
4.1.2 Antagonism between workers-13
4.2 Clash between capital and labour-14
4.2.1 The event of an assassination-14
4.2.2 Two reasons for the clash-14
4.3 One way of easing the contradictions between human beings: treating each other with forgiveness and kindness-16
Chapter Five Conclusion-18
REFERENCE-19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-20