摘要:机器人是一种应用广泛的高度灵活的自动化机器。轮式机器人的自主避障问题和路径规划技术是其研究的重要领域。
本课题研究了AS-RMⅡ轮式机器人的软、硬件系统,包括它的传感系统和设备编程控制方法;在此基础上,进一步研究机器人的自主避障算法,该算法采用基于四周的PSD传感器实时获取障碍物距离并设置优先级,以此决定下一步运动策略,同时引入了线程方法,使得机器人可以独立完整地完成一系列自主避障的动作,达到了预期的避障效果;本课题还研究了路径规划算法,分析了已有算法的不足,给出了基于改进遗传算法的机器人路径规划算法。该算法对个体的编码方案和基本遗传操作等进行了改进,并引入插入算法将路径点完善成一条连续无碰的路径。在总体流程上,仍然采用种群初始化、计算适应值、选择、交叉、变异等基本动作进行路径规划。
在AS-RMⅡ轮式机器人程序类库的基础上,本文完成了一种可行的机器人自主避障和路径规划的方案,并最终通过编程实现了预期的功能。仿真实验结果表明,本方法可以获得最优或较优解,达到了预期的效果。
关键词:轮式机器人,自主避障,路径规划
Abstract:Robot is widely used as a highly flexible automated machine. Obstacle avoidance and motion planning are important areas of wheeled robot researching.
The hardware system and software system of AS-RMⅡrobot are discussed firstly, including the sensor system and device programming controlling method. Then approach of obstacle avoidance based on PSD sensors around is discussed, the sensors can real-time get the message of environment and then choose the motion strategy. Thread is introduced to finish the work of obstacle avoidance independently and completely, achieved the intended target. Motion planning based on genetic algorithm is also discussed. Individual coding programming and details of basic genetic operators are improved and insert algorithm is introduced to make the path continuously and have no barriers. The whole process of motion planning still consists of individuals initialization, calculating the fitness, selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator.
A possible program of obstacle avoidance and motion planning is integrated based on the class library of AS-RMⅡ wheeled robot. The target is achieved by the programming. Computer simulations show the algorithm is a correct and efficient motion planning method.
Key words: wheeled robot, obstacle avoidance, motion planning
本课题以AS-RMⅡ轮式机器人为研究平台,在该机器人软硬件系统的基础上,编程实现基本的运动控制;根据已有的研究成果和系统资源,通过研究、整合并设计出一套基于线程的利用PSD红外传感器获取环境信息的自主避障方案并编程实现。然后在基于经典遗传算法的路径规划算法基础上,对于个体的编码方案和遗传操作中的交叉等操作进行改进,特别针对路径规划问题的特点引入插入算法,以将路径点完善成一条连续无碰的路径。本课题侧重于研究轮式机器人运动控制的编程实现,以提高自己的编程能力以及解决实际问题的能力。在研究过程中,对于文献的查找、阅读、翻译能力也将会得到训练。