摘要:我国水电开发主要集中在西南地区,水电站坝址大多位于高山峡谷之间,由于地处山区,遭遇雷击的现象普遍存在。雷击分直击雷和感应雷两种，直击雷直接在回路中产生强大的电效应,电压峰值通常可达几万伏甚至几百万伏,电流峰值可达几十千安乃至几百千安,所以其破坏性往往相当强大。感应雷分为静电感应雷和电磁感应雷。感应雷通过静电感应聚集起大量与雷云极性相反的束缚电荷,瞬间放电后,产生的静电电压(感应电压)可达到几万到几十万伏，如此高的静电电压由于雷云放电,束缚力消失,快速变化的电流将产生强烈变化的感应磁场,导致附近电力设备产生过大电流遭受破坏。本设计是在对雷电的形成、危害、雷击形式和水电站防雷理论知识充分了解的前提下，到岔河水电站实地考察和学习，对岔河电站现有防雷配置进行分析,再在理论上对其存在的不足进行优化和改进，使之更加完善，能够更好地对水电站进行防雷保护。
关键字：水电站;防雷保护;避雷针;避雷器
ABSTRACT:Hydropower development in China mainly concentrated in the southwest, hydropower station dam site is located in the mountains, canyons, mostly because is located in the mountains, a lightning storm phenomenon is widespread. Lightning lightning and induction lightning, lightning strike directly produce strong electric effect in the circuit, the voltage peak usually can reach tens of thousands of volts or even millions of volts, current peak value can reach tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of Ann, Ann so damaging often quite strong. Induction lightning is divided into static induction thunder and electromagnetic induction. Induction lightning through the electrostatic induction with thunder clouds gathered a large number of opposite polarity of bound charge, moments after discharge, the electrostatic voltage induced voltage can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of volts, so high, because the thundercloud electrostatic voltage discharge ShuFuLi disappear, rapidly changing, change induced magnetic field of current will produce strong, lead to too much power equipment near the current damage. This design is based on the formation, harm of thunder and lightning, lightning forms and hydropower station lightning protection under the premise of fully understand the theoretical knowledge, on-the-spot investigation and study to ChaHe hydropower station, the configuration of lightning protection for existing ChaHe power station is analyzed, then in theory the deficiencies for optimization and improvement to its, make it more perfect, better able to lightning protection of hydropower station.
Keywords: Hydropower station; Lightning protection; Lightning rod; Lightning arrester.
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