摘要:政策监督对于保证地方政府公共政策的有效执行具有重要作用。然而政策监督存在成本,需要人力、物力、财力的支出,不可能无限制地进行。另外,政策监督还可能产生一定的负效应,从而影响地方政府公共政策执行,特别是在中国。因此探讨政策监督的边界与力度就具备了一定的理论和实践意义。本文据此提出了四点标准和原则,以此确定政策监督的边界和力度,在此基础上,对克服理论与现实的张力提出了三点措施。
关键词:政策监督;政策执行;边界;原则
Abstract:Policy Supervision has a great impact on the effective implementation of public policies of the local governments. However, Policy Supervision has its cost and need to be sustained by the inputs of human resources, material resources and financial resources and so on. Moreover, Policy Supervision can result in some negative effects and outcomes, affecting the effectiveness of the implementation of public policies by the local governments in some likelihood, especially in China. Therefore, probing into the boundaries and forces of the Policy Supervision may have dual significances, including both theoretical and practical. Based on the aforementioned, the author comes up with four criterions or principles to help to determine the boundaries and forces of the Policy Supervision. What’s more, in connection with the tensions between theory and reality, the writer puts forward three measures to resolve the problem.
Key Words: Policy Supervision, Policy Implementation, Local Governments,Boundaries, Principles
政策监督对于保证地方政府公共政策执行具有重要的作用。然而,政策监督也不是完美无缺的,特别是在中国,政策监督可能会有损于地方政策的灵活执行,并产生监督过程中的高成本。这两方面的负作用就提示我们必须考虑政策监督可能的边界和力度。为此,本文提出了四个原则,即①成本与收益的对比应该成为这一研究的根本标准。②比较不同政策的政策监督先后顺序时一般按照重要性程度来进行排序,但这种排序不具有传递性。③在一定的意识形态下,边际收益最大化的特定政策目标群体受益的政策应该优先被监督,以确保其执行。④政策监督应满足应急性原则。接下来,本文探讨了政策监督在理论与实际运行中可能存在的张力及其困境,并提出了三点解决途径:①应在行政机关内部上下级之间,建立一套明确一致的价值标准,用以指导各级政策。②加强信息技术的研发普及,提升政府机构的信息水平,促进测量技术的完善。③创新政策监督的方式,提升政策监督效率,更多地考虑赋予基层民众相应的监督权。