社会排斥视角下失地农民的就业问题(XX村为例).doc

摘要：当前随着我国的工业化和城市化迅速发展，大量农民失去他们生存的土地，其基本生活保障在很大程度上受到侵害。失地农民问题已经成为影响经济发展、社会稳定、和谐社会构建的一个突出问题。对于这个为城市化进程做出贡献的弱势群体，政府和社会有责任解决其生存与发展问题。就业是生存之本，但是，经济排斥、制度排斥、社会关系排斥等多方面的排斥使失地农民的就业陷入了困境。社会排斥不仅损害了失地农民的利益，而且也制约了和谐社会的构建，本文将从社会排斥的角度分析实地农民就业问题，并从反社会排斥的角度提出解决失地农民就业问题的对策。

关键词：社会排斥   失地农民     就业     反社会排斥

Abstract: Now as the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, a large number of peasants were losing their lands that they lived on ,who’s basic life safeguard is being sufferred to a great degree. The problem of Land-deprivedpeasants had became the outstanding problems which impacts on the development of economic , social stability and construction of harmonious society . The vulnerable groups made a gread contribution to the urbanization process, the government and the society have the responsibility to solve their existence and development problems. Employment is survival basic, however,many aspects of rejections to Land-deprivedpeasants made them into worse,such as economic exclusion, system rejection and  social relations rejection. Social exclusion not only damaged the interests of the Land-deprivedpeasants， but also restricted to construction of the harmonious society, this article will discuss the problem from the perspective of social exclusion, and proposes the solution countermeasure from this aspect to resolve the employment problem of Land-deprivedpeasants   Keywords: social exclusion 、Land-deprivedpeasants、employment、anti social exclusion

研究背景及目的

　　　在工业化过程中，尤其是在快速工业化、城市化过程中，农民的农业土地转化为非农业用地是不可避免的，任何一个国家都要经历这样的过程。农民失去土地后，既有别于农民，又不同于城市居民，成为一个边缘群体，因此我们给其一个特殊称谓——失地农民。随着经济的高速发展和城市化进程的加快，大量土地被征用，许多农民都面临着“种田无地，就业无岗，低保无份”的境遇，失地农民问题已成为突出的社会问题。对于农民来说，失去地，就失去了依靠，失去了生活的来源，仅靠现行征地补偿是远不能维持长久生活的。土地无疑是失地农民对城市巨大贡献，但在现有失地农民补偿安置制度和地方政府失地农民问题某种程度的无作为下，失地农民的权益在程度上受到了侵害。失地农民就业难已成为事关经济发展、社会稳定的大问题。切实解决好失地农民的就业问题，是政府和社会义不容辞的责任。