摘要:我国正处于经济发展的高速阶段,产品和技术创新日益加快,企业竞争愈演愈烈。如果说企业的硬件设施是物质基础,那么人力资源状况则是无形的支持和保障。技术研发员工作为将知识技能转化为生产力的知识型员工,如何对其进行有效地激励,从而激发其积极性和创造性,最大程度地发挥其主观能动性,对于企业持续健康地发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
文章在明确了选题背景和研究意义之后,对国内外学者的研究成果及生态位思想的发展进行简单阐述。结合生物学中的生态位思想,明确提出人力资源生态系统的相关概念。
技术研发员工作为企业重要的科技人才,文章对其所处生态位建立简单模型。由于企业薪酬制度不完善、缺少培训激励和工作激励等原因,技术研发员工的工作积极性受到影响,因此,通过分析他们的性格、企业制度、研发活动的特征,对他们进行有效激励具有一定的必要性。企业也只有建立规范可行的激励机制,才能吸引并留住技术研发人才,使企业在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。
关键词:生态位;人力资源生态位;技术研发员工;激励
Abstract:Nowadays our country is in the economic development of high-speed stage, with products and technology innovating faster and faster, and the competition between the enterprises becomes intense. If the enterprise hardware facility is the material base, human resources are immaterial support. As the knowledge-type employees, R&D staff will apply skills into productivity. It is important theoretically valuable and practical significant for the sustainable and healthy development of an enterprise how to carry on the effective motivation and arouse their enthusiasm and creativity.
After clearing its subjectivity, the paper elaborates the background and the research achievement of the domestic and foreign scholars, including niche development. Referring to the ecology niche thoughts, the paper definitely put human
resource niche and related concepts forward.
As critical business technology specialists, R&D staff play an important role in the development of enterprise. So the paper establishes its simple niche model. As businesses pay system is imperfect, lack of training incentives and work incentives and other reasons, R&D staff have been affected, so that it is important to reinforce effective motivation by analyzing their character, enterprise system, and the characteristics of R&D activities. In order to attract and retain R&D specialists, enterprises should establish a standard motivation mechanism, and it will be possible
for enterprises to win in the fierce competition.
Key words: niche; human resources niche; R&D staff; motivation
目前,很多企业面临这样的发展瓶颈:一方面,频繁地组织招聘,大量地引进人力资源;另一方面,又总是抱怨无法找到真正的人才,人员流失严重,尤其是知识型员工的流失率居高不下。在知识型员工比较集中的IT行业,有调查显示,超过八成的员工对自己所在的企业没有好感,如果能够有更高的薪水和更高的职位,近六成员工随时准备跳槽。这些数据表明知识型员工的高流失率成为困扰企业发展的严重问题,不仅使企业面临技术创新人才的缺乏,也增加了企业的成本费用。其实,企业往往不是没有人才,而是缺少对人才的开发和利用,人职不匹配或人不适其职。因此,如何有效地激励员工,提高员工的工作积极性,使他们为企业创造最大的价值,是企业在发展中应当关注的重点,也是现代人力资源管理的核心。
生态学认为:每一个物种在生物群落中都具有独特的地位和作用。企业中的每一个人也都具有个体的差异性,具有差异化的效用和功能,这与生态位的思想十分类似。生态位理论关注个体的生存和发展,将其引入到对企业技术研发员工的激励研究中,可以开启对员工激励的新视角,拓展激励理论在现实中的运用,对企业发展无疑有着重要的意义。本文期望以此为背景,进一步探索怎样的激励机制能够更为准确合理地对技术研发员工进行定位和评价,使他们发挥自身最大价值,提高其工作积极性,从而实现企业与员工的双赢。