汽车使用及报废生命周期分析_车辆工程.pdf

摘 要

本文详细介绍了汽车使用安全技术，汽车使用节能技术，汽车使用环保技术等主要因素对汽车使用及报废生命周期的影响。

汽车产品生命周期，是指汽车产品从开发设计含原材料、燃料的采用、制造、使用及报废回收等环节组成的生命链。亦即体现汽车产品从自然中来又回到自然中去的物质转化全过程。

为了研究汽车使用生命和报废生命过程对环境产生的影响，采用生命周期分析的方法对汽车使用及回收两个阶段中所产生的排放物进行了分析和计算，并对汽车使用90号无铅汽油、液化石油气、液化天然气、车用乙醇汽油对环境及生命周期造成的影响进行了比较。

结果表明: 两个阶段对环境都有一定的污染；使用液化天然气和车用乙醇汽油为汽车燃料以及对报废汽车进行能源化回收利用是有益的。使用液化天然气和车用乙醇汽油为汽车燃料可大幅降低环境污染并有利于对汽车进行能源化回收。

处理废弃物要遵循“4R”原则，减少来源、再使用、循环、回收。分析报废汽车的塑料、橡胶、纤维和纺织品等废弃物的循环利用问题。

关键词：生命周期，节能，环保，液化天然气，乙醇汽油

Abstract

This article introduced in detail on the use of the life cycle and other factors, the use of security, the use of energy, the use of environmental protection.

The product life cycle is the product design including the development of the raw materials, fuels and manufacturing, and scrapping of recovery, etc. the life of the chain.

Which embody the natural product of nature to get back to the material. For studying the effect of vehicle on environment in its whole life span, the emission produced in the two stages (use and recycling) of vehicle life is analyzed and calculated by life cycle assessment. The effects of different fuels (90# lead-free gasoline, LPG, LNG and gasohol) on environment are also compared.

The results show that certain pollutions are produced and have some effects on environment in two phases of vehicle life, and using LNG and gasohol as fuel for vehicles as much as possible and recycling of discarded vehicle are all beneficial. Use of the LNG and gasohol for the automotive fuel ethanol car can be beneficial to reduce environmental pollution and to the car for the recovery of energy.

Dispose of waste properly must follow the principle of “4r”, reduce the supply and use, and return. In the discharge of plastic, rubber, fiber and textiles and circulation of the problem.

Key word: Life cycle, energy-saving, environment, Liquefied Natural Gas, Gasohol