摘 要:随着社会经济的发展、城市人口的增长，人类不断向高层及地下拓展着自己的生存空间。但是，这两类特殊建筑，特别是地下建筑一旦发生火灾，由于建造上的特点与地面建筑有很大的差异，形成火灾后不利于人员安全疏散和火灾扑救，容易造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。而火灾的烟气更是危害人员生命的重要因素。但是现在的设计人员在进行消防设计时，却往往只注重了建筑、给排水和电气的消防设计，却忽略了防排烟的设计。
直到近二、三十年来，防烟排烟的问题才开始为各国建筑设计和消防工作者所关注，并且建筑的防排烟设计已成为通风工程的一个分支而问世，也可称之为建筑物发生火灾条件下的通风工程，即防排烟工程。
本文首先对我国城市的火灾现状作了简介，对火灾中烟气的危害性和防排烟工程的地位和作用进行了说明；其次对防排烟系统的设计要求进行了说明，包括防排烟区的划分、防烟设计和排烟设计；而后给出了防排烟系统的设计计算，包括防烟系统设计计算和排烟系统设计计算；然后详细介绍了防排烟系统的设备及附件，包括风机、管道、气体的进出口、阀门、防火隔烟装置等；最后介绍了防排烟系统的施工。
关键词：地下室，火灾，消防设计，防排烟
ABSTRACT:With the increase of city population and the development of socio-economy, mankind unceasing to high-rise and underground extend own vivo sphere. But two kinds of this are special to construct, especially underground building once occurring fire, its characteristic and ground building that built have great discrepancy, after forming fire disadvantage in people safety evacuate with fire put out a fire to save life and property, cause serious personal casualties and property loss easily. And the smoke spirit of a fire is also a important factor of endanger the personnel life. But now, while the designs carry on the fire design, usually paid attention to the design for the fire of the building, the drain and electricity, and neglected to the design of smoke control system.
Until recent two or three decades, smoke exhaust problems was cared by the building designers and the fire workers from all the countries, and the design of smoke control system has become a branch of ventilation engineering, also called ventilation engineering of building fire conditions, namely smoke control engineering.
In this paper, the fire of our city is introduced briefly, and explained the harmfulness of fire smoke and the status of smoke control engineering. Then explained the design requirements of smoke control system, including the partition of smoke control, smoke protection design and smoke extraction design. Then gave the calculation of the smoke control system, including smoke protection system calculation and smoke extraction system calculation. Then detailed the equipments and accessories of smoke control system, including draught fan, pipeline, exits and entrances of gas, valve, equipment of fire protection and smoke prevention etc. Finally introduced the construction of smoke control system.
Keyword: Basement, Fire, Fire design, Smoke control
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