论秦王朝的档案意识_档案学.doc

摘要:秦王朝是我国历史上第一个中央集权制的封建专制王朝，其性质决定了该王朝的档案意识是古代的封闭的官方档案意识，其档案意识并不如某些史学家认为的那样薄弱，相反秦王朝建立虽然只有短短15年，但是上至帝王将相，下到地方官吏都很重视档案以及档案工作，正是这些正面的档案意识促使该王朝在文书档案工作上有了开创性的建树，相较于前代以及后代的某些王朝,它的档案意识还是比较强烈的。由于秦统治阶级过于迷信档案的作用，在档案不能为我所用的情况下采取了极端的控制手段，却从另一个侧面说明了该王朝档案意识的强烈，然而物极必反，这些负面的档案意识也使得档案以及档案工作遭受了严重的创伤。

[关键词]秦王朝 档案意识

Abstract:Qin Dynasty was the first feudal dynasty of centralization in our history. Its nature decided that its archival Consciousness was an ancient enclosed one. However, it was not as weak as what some historians thought to be. To the contrary, in spite of its short life of 15 years since its establishment, the archivistics and archives had received lots of emphasizes from emperors down to local officials and pawns. It was this positive archival Consciousness that had led to the initiative achievements of Qin Dynasty in documentary archival work. Compared to some earlier and later dynasties, it was strong in archival Consciousness. Since the ruling class of Qin Dynasty was too superstitious in the effects of archival work, radical controlling methods were applied when some archives could not be used by the ruling class. It was a demenstration of strong sense of archives from the other side. However, things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme: these passive archival Consciousness had also made archives and archivistics suffer serious damages.

Key words: Qin Dynasty, The Archival Consciousness. 

　　　本文认为，秦王朝对档案一直都是重视的，这一点从来没有改变过，档案意识之强从来没被削弱过，强烈的档案意识一直贯穿着秦由强大又迅速灭亡的过程，只是在这个过程中，所表现出来的是正面的档案意识和负面的档案意识而已。由于意识对存在具有能动性，所以秦王朝正面的档案意识对档案事业的发展起了积极的推动作用，负面的档案意识使档案事业滞后，延缓了档案的事业的发展进程，我们应从中吸取历史经验教训，让正面的档案意识来主导推动我们的社会主义档案事业的快速发展。