摘要: 经历了近800年的传承与发展,到今天网球已经成为了一项在世界范围内有着巨大影响力的体育项目。在网球的各单项技术中,上手发球是唯一可以由运动员自己掌握,完全不受对方约束的技术,发球的好坏对比赛胜负有着非常重要的影响。本文通过对发球动作的分析研究,指出发球的重要性并针对各不同群体制定各自的训练方式。
关键词:网球 上手发球 基本技术
Abstract:After nearly 800 years of heritage and development, to today's tennis has become one of the world has a tremendous influence within the sport. Each individual technology in tennis, the serve is the only way to get started by the players own hands, not subject to other constraints of the technology, serving good or bad the game has a very important influence on the outcome. Based on the analysis of ball movement, pointing out the importance of serving and for different groups to develop their own training methods.
Key word: Tennis, serve, basic skills
网球发球是一项最为复杂的技术动作,在整个发球的过程中,一般采用大陆式握拍,双脚与肩同宽,侧身对网,右脚与底线平行,左脚对准右侧网柱。持拍手后拉与非持拍手抛球同时进行,双手划圆,由下向上摆动,在击球瞬间,保持拍面与发球方向成90度角,转体顶髋,击球完成后球拍挥动成弧形,并在身体左侧结束整个发球动作。美国网球神话桑普拉斯的前教练保罗·安纳指出:发球的最主要原理是挥拍要连续流畅,引拍不会不会消弱球拍运动的动量,从而保证拍头在击球瞬间拥有足够的加速度。其次,在击球前后的动作中都要保持手臂的放松和柔软,从而减少对抗肌对动作能量的抵消作用,使得在击球瞬间爆发出最大动能。根据网球发球的技术动作特点,我们可以把整个技术动作分解为发球站位、抛球举拍、挥拍击球和随挥跟进四个动作阶段。