摘要：爱因斯坦的相对论理论引起了物理学巨大的变革，其中狭义相对论提出了新的时间和空间观念，彻底改变了人们对时间空间的看法。
本文是关于爱因斯坦狭义相对论理论和实验验证的历史发展的讨论和综述。内容包括以下两个方面：一是狭义相对论原理的基本内容。两条基本原理和一个变换，四个推论和三个关系，四个推论分别是运动的尺变短、运动的钟变慢、光子静质量是零和物质不可能以超光速运动；三个关系式分别是速度合成公式、质量速度公式和质能关系式。二是狭义相对论的实验验证。实验主要有四类，分别是光速不变原理实验、时间膨胀实验、运动介质的电磁学实验和相对论力学实验，本文分别对这四类实验的部分实验内容与结果进行概括介绍，以初步了解有关狭义相对论的实验验证。
关键词：狭义相对论，时空观，实验验证
Abstract：Einstein's relativity theory produced great changes of the physics. The special relativity theory, for example, created new concept of time and space, which changed everybody’s old ideas completely.
In this article we present a brief review about the history of the development of the special relativity theory and the relevant experimental tests. This paper includes two parts: First, the basic contents of the special relativity theory. It includes two basic principles, one transformation, four inferences and three relationships. Four inferences are shortening of moving ruler, slowing of moving clocks, being zero of the photon’s static mass and not allowing superluminal movement. Three relationships are speed synthetic formula, mass-velocity formula and mass-energy relation. Secondly, experimental tests of the special relativity can be classified into four categories, including the experiment for constant-speed of light, time dilation experiment, moving medium electromagnetic experiment and relativity mechanics experiment. We introduce the results of several experiments, in order to get a simple knowledge about the theory of special relativity.
Key words: the special relativity theory, the space-time concept, experimental tests
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