会意字分类例谈及意合关系_对外汉语.doc

摘要:汉字作为五千年华夏文明的重要载体，一直为中华特色文化服务。为中华民族留下了宝贵的文化遗产。其造字方法和构字原则更是有着博大精深的意义。会意作为六书之一，以象形和指事为基础，集中地体现了汉字的表意特点。在一定程度上具有深度性和趣味性。有鉴于此，本文通过对会意字分类研究，试图发现会意字的构字特点，并用例字分析表明。另一方面对会意字的意合关系进行探索，从而了解会意字的结构和内涵，正确把握汉字本义。

关键词：会意字；分类；意合关系

ABSTRACT: As an important carrier of 5,000 - year - old Chinese civilization, Chinese characterswhich left a precious cultural heritage for Chinese nation is serving for Chinese characteristic culture. The creating characters method and word structure principles have a broad and profound significance. As one of the six categories of Chinese characters, associative compounds which focus on the characteristic of ideograph are based on pictographic and self-explanatory. To some extent, associative compounds research contains a depth and interest. The thesis aims to find out the word structure rules of associative compounds through classifying the associative compounds and many examples. On the other hand, the thesis tries to explore the parataxis relation in order to know the structure and content of the associative compounds and grasp the meaning of Chinese characters correctly. 

Keywords: associative compounds ;classification ; paratactic relations

　　　会意字是在象形字和指事字的基础上的一种造字方法，在一定程度上弥补了象形和指事的不足。所要表达之意相对抽象，在生活中找寻具体的意象，通过一定的逻辑关系，意义联想，抓住生活的本质，表达出有新意的概念。真实的记录了前人们的日常生活、实践活动、伦理道德和交际交往。会意字以相对特别的构字方式，反映出了古人思维模式和认识世界的过程。会意字的构字方法具有一定的特殊性和规律性，其意合关系在一定程度上和汉语中的复合词具有一致性，也再次说明了语言和文字的相通性，本文从会意字的定义、特点进行简要的分析，另外对其会意方式进行分类研究，并对其意合关系进行了初步的探索发现，对文字的实践能力和以后的文字教学提供一定的借鉴。