大学生情感孤独状况及其与依恋类型的相关研究_应用心理学.doc

[摘要]  本研究以393名大学生为调查对象，采用问卷调查法，探讨了大学生情感孤独的状况及其与依恋类型的关系，研究发现：（1）在校大学生的情感孤独在恋爱与否方面存在显著性差异。在性别、是否独生子女和城乡生源方面，二者都不存在显著差异。（2）大学生成人依恋类型在回避和焦虑两个维度上与情感孤独存在极其显著的正相关。（3）情感孤独在四种依恋类型上表现出极其显著差异。恐惧型、专注型和冷漠型的情感孤独都显著高于安全型。

关键词  大学生；孤独感；情感孤独；依恋类型；

Abstract：This study surveyed 393 college students, using questionnaire survey of university students with emotional loneliness and its attachment type of relationship, the study found: (1) obtained through the analysis of differences in test, college students feel lonely and in love or not there were significant differences. Gender, whether the child and rural and urban students, the difference between the two but even though there was significant. (2) Collage students’ adult attachment styles and emotional loneliness are extremely positively remarkable related in two dimensionality of avoidance and anxiety. (3) four attachment style differences in emotional loneliness are extremely significant. Fearful emotional loneliness, focus type and cold type of emotional loneliness were significantly higher than safe.

Key words:   Students; loneliness; emotional loneliness; attachment type;

　　尽管依恋行为在童年早期特别显著,但这种行为会伴随人的一生,并会持续影响个人的情绪体验和人际关系的发展。如果人际相处朝正向发展,个体就会从人际关系中获得亲密和满足的感受；相反,如果无法满足人际关系的亲密需求,就会与人群疏离,易产生孤独与寂寞感。而大学生正处于埃里克森的人格发展学说的第六阶段(18-25岁),这一时期人格特质的发展任务是获得亲密感避免孤独感，体验爱情的实现和融入社会，建立和维持与他人满意的人际关系，以从中获得激励、自信和归属感。

　　前人研究已经发现情感孤独和一对一的人际关系，比如恋人之间的依恋有关，加深了笔者单独研究情感孤独的状况及其与依恋类型的关系的决心。为此本研究旨在了解大学生情感孤独的状况，以及验证其是否与依恋类型有很显著的相关,为孤独感及依恋提供一定的理论依据。