摘 要：在能源问题日益严重的现代社会生活中，太阳能作为巨大的能源资源越来越多地被利用。但是现有的太阳能热水器由于太阳能的间歇性，无法做到在夜间及连续阴雨天正常工作，本设计提出了一种新型的集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化太阳能热泵热水器，将太阳能热泵与蓄能技术结合起来，能够有效地改善系统不能连续运行的缺点。该系统将太阳能集热器、蓄能容器以及热泵系统的蒸发器集于一体，减少了现有蓄能型太阳能热泵系统多级中间换热的热损失及制造成本。在集热/蓄能/蒸发器中加入相变材料，以固-液相变潜热对太阳能进行储存，利用太阳能作为热泵的低温热源制得热水，将显著提高热泵的制热效率，同时有效解决太阳能的间歇性所带来的系统运行不稳定问题。针对南京地区的气象条件，以三口之家的用水为例，对该一体化太阳能热泵热水器能耗进行了理论计算和经济性分析，与市场上现有热水器进行对比。同时开展了实验研究，深刻理解系统原理，选择合适相变材料，对各类仪器进行选型，从而搭建了实验台。将蓄能/太阳能有效利用/热泵系统节能运行作为一个有机结合体，对所得实验数据进行了整理分析，进而分析影响系统整体性能系数和稳定性的因素。
关键词：太阳能 蓄能型热水器 集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化 相变材料 热泵
Abstract：In the modern social life which the resources become more and more less,Solar energy is being used more as vast energy resources.But the Solar water heaters cannot work well in the rainy days or at night due to the intermittence of Solar energy. This issue could be solved or improved if energy storage is used for the heat pump systems, which would lead to energy saving and higher efficiency of the systems. A novel solar heat pump water heater integrated with collector, storage and evaporation is presented in this design, and this novel system can reduce heat exchanging losses and manufacturing cost. By adding phase-change materials into the collector/ storage/ evaporator, the solar energy is storied as latent heat of solid-liquid phase materials. By making use of the solar energy as low-temperature source to produce hot water, the thermal efficiency of heat pump system can be significantly increased; moreover, the operating unstableness of the heat pump system caused by interval solar energy can be drastically solved. In view of the weather conditions in Nanjing, as an example of consumed water in a three-person family, the theoretical calculation and economic analysis for the integrating heat pump water heater based on solar energy were carried on. And it was compared with the existing water heater in the market. At the same time, experimental study was developed. Through profound understanding system principle, selecting the appropriate phase change materials and selecting each kind of instrument , test bench was builted. Moreover, regarding the storage / effective solar utility/ energy-saving heat pump system as an organic combination, the experimental data was analyzed and then the impact factors on overall system performance coefficient and stability were analyzed.
Key Words:solar energy, storage type water heater, collector/storage/evaporation integration, Phase Change Materials, heat pump
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