摘 要：生物质主要包括可以燃烧或变成液态、气态能源燃料的树、草和农作物等植物材料。如果生物质的消耗速度小于其再补充的速度，它就具有可再生性。生物质能是指植物体转化太阳能形成的具有巨大潜力与应用开发价值的重要新能源。生物质能是可再生的、对环境友好的能源资源，主要包括生物柴油、乙醇、甲醇、甲烷和氢气。生物质能构成了能源消费的重要组成部分，占世界能源消费量的15％；生物质能的开发、高效利用及产业化已经成为当前解决能源问题的重要趋势，解决我国持续性能源资源的重要战略方向。
但不同于传统的化石能源,生物质能资源分布广、能量密度低,其生长、收集和利用过程基本上都集中在近用户端的一定区域内,与当地生产生活密切相关。
本文将从生物质的特性出发，在生物质利用，生物质炭化等方面对近几年的文献做一个综述讨论。虽然我们在这方面和国外有一定差距，但是同时在资源和某些技术研究方面我们还是有着优势，如果能充分利用优势，对我国资源的优化利用将有很大的意义。
关键词：生物质；炭化；发展现况；前景；文献综述
Abstract：The biomass includes the plant materials which can turn into liquid state energy or gas state energy through burning. If the spending rate of the biomass is less than the regeneration rate, it will have the ability of rebirth. The biomass is a very important energy which is came from the solar energy by the transformation of the plants. It has great potential and the value of developing. The energy is an environmental-friendly, renewable energy source, which includes biodiesel, alcohol, carbinol, methane and hydrogen. The biomass energy has became an very important part of the energy consumption, accounting for 15% of the energy consumption all over the world. The developing, energy-efficient and the industrialization of biomass have became the important trend of the way of solving the energy problem, an important strategic direction to solve our country sustainable energy resources.
But different from the traditional fossil fuels, the biomass energy is widely distributed, its energy density is low, its growth, collecting and using are concentrated in the recent client certain region, and are closed related to local production.
This article will start with the properties of the biomass material. We will talk about the summary on the discussion about the utilization of the biomass and biomass carbonization. Although we still have gaps with abroad in this respect, at the same time we have advantages in the resources and some technical research. If we could make full use of these advantages, it will have a great significance for the optimal utilization of the resources.
Key words: biomass, carbonization, development situation, prospect, literature summary
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