摘要:水是人类生存和发展的必要条件。但是随着城市工业化进程加快，人类排泄物、食物残渣、工商企业、合成洗涤剂和家用清洗剂等造成城市污水含磷过高。磷是导致水体富营养元素之一，水体中如果磷含量超过0.03mg/L，就容易引起水体富营养化。要解决水体富营养化问题，应该主要着眼于降低水体中的磷含量，因此找到一种经济、有效除磷的吸附剂成为首要任务。氢氧化铁吸附剂综合了化学法和吸附法除磷的优点，它在废水处理方面成为了研究的热点。
本研究主要以氢氧化铁和磷酸二氢钾溶液为研究对象，采用了静态吸附与动态吸附相结合的方式考察了pH值、吸附时间、氢氧化铁加入量、温度、磷的初始浓度等条件对磷吸附的影响，并综合以上各个因素进行了综合性实验，从而探讨了用氢氧化铁处理含磷废水的最优条件。
（1）采用静态吸附进行了氢氧化铁的酸碱性研究，在pH小于8时氢氧化铁在溶液中显正电，加入含磷废液反应48小时后随着pH增加除磷率也升高；在pH大于8时氢氧化铁在溶液中显负电，加入含磷废液反应48小时后随着pH增加除磷率降低，最高除磷率为76.42%。
（2）采用动态吸附进行了单因素实验，再综合各单因素进行了综合实验，实验结果发现当pH值为5.51，搅拌时间为40分钟，氢氧化铁加入量为30g/L，磷初始浓度为107mg/L，温度为22℃，氢氧化铁对磷的吸附率可以达到99.43%。
通过本课题的研究，明确了氢氧化铁吸附磷的影响因素及条件，为氢氧化铁深入除磷奠定了重要的理论基础，也为氢氧化铁应用于实际处理含磷废水提供了一定的实验依据。
关键词：氢氧化铁 动态吸附 吸附率 最优条件
ABSTRACT:Water is necessary for human survival and development. But as the city to speed up the process of industrialization, human waste and food waste, industrial and commercial enterprises, synthetic detergent, and household cleaner and so on sewage caused the phosphorous is too high. Phosphorus is one of the elements of lead to water body eutrophic water body if the phosphorus content of more than 0.03 mg/L, is easy to cause the eutrophication of water bodies. To solve the problem of eutrophication of water bodies, should mainly focus on reduce the phosphorus content in the water, so to find a economic, effective phosphorus removal of the adsorbent becomes a top priority. Iron hydroxide adsorbent combines chemical method and the advantages of phosphorus removal by adsorption, it has become a research hotspot in wastewater treatment.
This research mainly with iron hydroxide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as the research object, by adopting the combination of the static adsorption and dynamic adsorption method examines the pH value, adsorption time, the amount of iron hydroxide, temperature, the initial concentration of phosphorus and other conditions on the absorption of phosphorus, and has carried on the comprehensive experiments, comprehensive above factors so as to deal with wastewater containing phosphorus with iron hydroxide are discussed the optimal conditions.
(1) The static adsorption is used for iron hydroxide of acid, alkaline, when pH is less than eight iron hydroxide in solution show positive, 48 hours after the addition of the phosphorous liquid reaction as the pH increases phosphorus removal rate is higher; At pH greater than 8 hydroxide in solution show negative, 48 hours after the addition of the phosphorous liquid reaction as pH increases phosphorus removal rate is lower, the phosphorus removal rate was 76.42%.
(2) The dynamic adsorption is used for single factor experiment, then integrated every single factor has carried on the comprehensive experiment, the experimental results showed that, as the pH value of 5.51, for 40 minutes, stirring time is 30 g/L, for the amount of iron hydroxide phosphate initial concentration of 107 mg/L, the temperature is 22 ℃, the iron hydroxide on phosphorus adsorption rate can reach 99.43%.
Through this topic research, made clear the influence factors and conditions of ferric hydroxide adsorption of phosphorus, as iron hydroxide deep dephosphorization laid the important theoretical basis, as well as iron hydroxide is applied to the actual treatment of phosphorus wastewater provides experiment basis.
Key words: iron hydroxide ; the dynamic adsorption ; the adsorption rate ;the optimal conditions
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