摘要:委婉语作为一种语言现象,被广泛应用于社会各阶层和领域。而英语委婉语作为众多委婉语中的一种,有其深厚的发展历史。语言离不开生活,并和我们的社会生活息息相关,在人们的交际和交流中,总是会受到一些行为规范和道德准则的制约,这时人们通常选择委婉语来使那些刺耳、不文雅的话语变得委婉愉悦。本文以大量的例子,分析研究英语委婉语的源处,构成方式,使用原则,并从合作原则和礼貌原则的角度分析委婉语的使用问题。该研究可使英语学习者从不同角度了解英语委婉语现象,掌握英语委婉语的使用原则从而避免跨文化交际障碍,促进跨文化交际。
关键词:英语委婉语;使用领域;构成方式;构成原则;功能;使用原则
Contents
中文摘要
Abstract
1. Introduction-1
1.1 Significance of the Study-1
1.2 Studies at Home and Abroad-1
1.3 Definition of Euphemism-2
2. Origins of Euphemism-4
3. Fields in the Use of Euphemism-5
3.1 In Daily Life-5
3.1.1. Euphemisms about Death-5
3.1.2. Euphemisms about Sex-5
3.1.3. Euphemism about Disease-6
3.1.4. Euphemisms about Disability-6
3.1.5. Euphemism about Profession-6
3.1.6. Euphemisms about Age-7
3.1.7. Euphemism about Poverty-8
3.1.8. Euphemism about Love and Marriage-8
3.2 In Education-8
3.3 In Economics-9
3.4 In Politics and Military-10
3.4.1. the Official Euphemism-10
3.4.2. Euphemisms for International Communication-10
3.4.3. Euphemisms for Military War-11
4. The Formations of English Euphemism-12
4.1 Formation Principle-12
4.1.1 Principle of Distance-12
4.1.2 Principle of Correlation-12
4.1.3 Principle of Fair-sounding-13
4.2 Ways of Formation-13
4.2.1 Phonetic Means-13
4.2.2 Lexical Means-14
4.2.3 Grammatical Means-15
4.2.4 Rhetorical Means-16
5. The Pragmatic Functions of English Euphemism-18
5.1 Taboo-avoiding Function-18
5.2 Politeness Function-18
5.3 Deceptive Function-19
6. The Use of English Euphemism-20
6.1 Euphemisms and Cooperative Principle-20
6.2 Euphemism and Politeness Principle-21
7. Conclusion-23
References-24
Acknowledgements-25