摘要:人类利用微生物处理各种污染物已有100多年的历史。目前，随着污水排放标准的提高，对废水生物脱氮技术的提出了更高要求。短程反硝化生物脱氮高效低耗，缩短反应时间，成为近年来研究的热点并且逐渐得到应用。20世纪90年代后，短程硝化一反硝化工艺的研究再次进入高潮，基于此理论开发出来具有代表性的是由荷兰Delft科技大学开发出的SHARON工艺其基本原理是短程硝化反硝化，即将氨氮氧化控制在亚硝化阶段，然后进行反硝化该工艺使硝化系统中亚硝酸盐的积累可接近100%。该工艺已经在荷兰两座废水生物脱氮处理厂运用，证明了短程硝化反硝化对生物脱氮的可行性。
本研究在总结前人研究成果基础上，开展下列实验研究：对短程反硝化细菌进行紫外线、氯化锂诱变及菌种筛选及扩大化培养；采用海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇及二者联合固定化短程反硝化细菌及菌种性能测定；不同碳源下短程反硝化特性研究；对技术应用现状及前景进行总结分析。采用了细胞固定化技术，利用海藻酸钠和氯化钙固定化亚硝化细菌，探讨了短程反硝化细菌富集的方法、固定化培养液的组成、海藻酸钠和氯化钙浓度对固定化细胞的影响。经过两个多月的实验，发现利用微生物进行脱氮有一定的效果。
关键词：短程反硝化，细菌筛选，不同碳源，生物脱氮
Abstract:Human use of microbial treatment of various pollutants has been 100 years of history.At present, with the sewage discharge standards of wastewater, biological nitrogen removal technology has put forward higher requirements. Shortcut nitrification-denitrification biological nitrogen removal with high efficiency and low energy consumption, short reaction time, become a research hotspot in recent years and been applied gradually. Nineteen ninties, short-cut nitrification and denitrification process of a once again into the climax, the theory developed is based on the representation is made by SHARON process Delft Holland science and Technology University developed its basic principle is the shortcut nitrification and denitrification, ammonia oxidation to nitrite under the control of the stage, and then the process of denitrification of nitrite nitrification system accumulation may be close to 100%. The process has been in Holland two biological nitrogen removal from wastewater using processing factory, proved the feasibility of short-cut nitrification and denitrification in biological.
This study based on the results of previous studies, carried out the following experiments: ultraviolet radiation, to the short range of denitrifying bacteria LiCl mutagenesis and screening and enlargement of culture; with sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and two joint immobilization of denitrifying bacteria and fungus performance was measured under different carbon sources; denitrification characteristics of research; analysis on application status and prospect. The immobilized cell technology, the immobilized by sodium alginate and calcium chloride nitrite bacteria, discusses the method of denitrifying bacteria, enrichment of the immobilized culture influence, sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution concentration of immobilized cells. After more than two months of the experiment, found that the use of microbial nitrogen have a certain effect.
Key words:Short-cut denitrification Bacteria screening Different carbon sources biological removal of nitrogen
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