摘 要:氧气顶吹转炉炼钢是用纯氧从转炉的顶部吹炼铁水成钢的一种炼钢方法。从20世纪50年代投入生产以后，在世界各国各得到了广泛的推广，渐渐取代了平炉炼钢法和转炉炼钢法。它始建于欧洲奥地利的林茨（Linz）和多纳维茨（Donawiz），所以在国际上也叫做LD炼钢法，氧气顶吹转炉炼钢法的主要原料是铁水，其余部分为废钢或者球团矿。通过氧枪从转炉熔池上面垂直向下吹入含氧量为99.5%的高压纯氧。通过化学反应除去铁水中的有害元素，如磷、硅、锰等，还可以通过造渣来进行脱硫和脱磷。里面各种氧化反应所产生的热量还可以用来加热转炉中的液态金属，使里面的钢水达到事先规定的温度。
氧气顶吹转炉炼钢法冶炼一炉钢的的吹炼时间一般为17分钟左右，总的冶炼时间即出钢时间为30分钟到45分钟之间。
这次设计内容中包括炉体结构设计、托圈及其耳轴的设计。氧气顶吹转炉炉型采用倒截锥型，托圈采用两挡板将其卡在炉体上，挡板上下加加强筋，以此提高挡板的强度。耳轴和托圈采用销固定，防止其左右滑动。这种结构简单、维修方便。
关键词：顶吹转炉 铁水 纯氧 氧枪 吹炼
Abstract:Top-blown oxygen converter steel-making is a steel-making method from the top blowing molten iron into steel converter with pure oxygen. Since the nineteen fifties into production, in different countries around the world have been widely promoted, gradually replaced the open-hearth and converter steelmaking. It was founded in Europe in Austria, Linz Donawitz (Linz) and (Donawiz), so in the world called the LD process, the main raw material of oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking is molten iron, the rest for scrap or pellets. Through the oxygen lance of converter molten pool vertically downward from top blowing oxygen in hyperbaric oxygen 99.5%. Through the chemical reaction to remove harmful elements in the hot metal, such as phosphorus, silicon, manganese, but also through the slag for desulphurization and dephosphorization. The various oxidation reaction inside the heat can also be used to liquid metal heat of converter, the molten steel reaches the specified temperature.
Top-blown oxygen converter steelmaking blowing time of smelting furnace of steel for the general 17 minutes or so, the total smelting time is tapping time was 30 minutes to 45 minutes.
The design content includes furnace body structure design, support design and trunnion ring. Oxygen top-blown converter using an inverted truncated cone type, supporting ring with two baffle the card in the furnace body, baffle on the stiffener, to increase the intensity of the baffle. The trunnion and the supporting ring adopts a pin fixed, prevent the sliding around. This kind of simple structure, convenient repair.
Keywords：Top-blown converter iron melt pure oxygen blowing
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