译文(字数 3038):
大势所趋之下,企业要求培养长期竞争力,而另一方面,传统成本会计模式又雷打不动,这两股力量的碰撞催生一种新的综合体:平衡计分卡。平衡计分卡保留了传统的财务指标。但是财务指标针对的是已经发生的事情,这对工业时代的企业来说是足够的,因为以投资提高企业的长期能力及维持长期的客户关系对这些企业能否获得成功来说并不重要。然而,当企业必须大量投资于客户、供应商、员工、工艺、技术和创新,才能创造价值之际,财务指标无法发挥导航和评价的作用。
平衡计分卡采用了衡量未来业绩的驱动因素指标,弥补了仅仅衡量过去业绩的财务指标的不足。计分卡的目标和指标来源于企业的愿景和战略。这些目标和指标从四个层面来考察企业的业绩,即:财务、客户、内部业务流程、学习与成长。这四个层面组成了平衡计分卡的框架。………………
外文原文(字符数 8794):
外文出处: Kaplan R, Norton D: The Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive[J]. Harvard Business Review 2001
Many companies already have performance measurement systems that incorporate financial and nonfinancial measures. What is new about a call for a “banlanced”set of measures? While virtually all organizations do indeed have financial and nonfinancial measures, many use their nonfinancial measures for local improvements, at mid-level employees. These organizations are using their financial and nonfinancial performance measures only for tactical feedback and control of short-term operations. ………………