摘要:《边城》、《老人与海》都堪称中外现代文学史上的巨著。海明威凭借《老人与海》中非凡的叙事艺术而获得1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。1988年,沈从文因在《边城》等作品里表现出了浓郁的乡土意识,成了诺贝尔文学奖最热门的人选,不幸作者早于颁奖时间逝世,与诺奖失之交臂。
虽然两部作品在作者生前得到的荣誉不尽相同,可它们都是留给后世宝贵的精神财富。一位致力于构建理想的“湘西世界”和“人性小庙”,唤醒人们对传统文化与人性本真的向往;另一位执着于“充满暴力与死亡的现实世界”的描写,他们笔下的文学世界迥然相异却同样精彩多姿。
随着跨文化研究在中西文化的交流中,扮演着越来越重要的角色,中西文学作品的比较研究,就更加引人注目。正是基于此状,本文在吸取前辈研究成果的基础上,从个人的高尚品质入手,具体分析了《边城》、《老人与海》中都出色描绘的一位勤劳、坚韧的老者形象。力图通过对老船夫、圣地亚哥所表现出的相同品质进行对比,分别从对艰难生活、执着信念、平凡事业、善良本性的坚持四个方面,通过实例分析研究、阐述,从而突出了两位老人对命运不屈不挠的坚持与抗争。丰富已有的研究内容,也为中西文化交流提供一点启示。
关键词:老船夫 圣地亚哥 命运 坚持
ABSTRACT: "Border town", "the old man and the sea" is the Chinese and foreign history of modern literature classics. Hemingway with extraordinary narrative art in "the old man and the sea" won the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature. In 1988, Shencongwen Painted a wonderful native world in "border town" and Other articles ,and become the most popular candidate for the Nobel Prize for literature, unfortunately the author died before the Nobel Prize time. Although the author had got the honor of is not the same, but they are left to future generations the precious spiritual wealth. A commitment to build an ideal "xiangxi world" and "small temple of humanity", awakening people to look forward to the traditional culture and the true meaning of human nature; Another Persistent descripe the "real world" which is full of violence and death. Their literary world's different but also wonderful. As intercultural studies plays a more and more important role in communication between Chinese and western culture. The comparative study of Chinese and western literary works become more compelling. It is based on it, this article in absorbs the predecessor research results, on the basis of from the noble quality of personal, specific analysis the "border town", "the old man and the sea" are well depicted in the image of a man of hardworking and tenacity. Tries to through the appearance of the old boatman, Santiago, comparing the same quality, conviction, respectively from the difficult life career, noble kind of insist on four aspects, through the case analysis research, elaborated, so as to highlight the two old people indomitable insist on and struggle to fate. Enriched the contents of the existing research and also provides a little enlightenment to cultural exchanges between China and western countries
Key words: the old boatman;Santiago;fate ;insist
《边城》能取得举世瞩目的成功,除了深从文先生细致的描写了每个人心中都存在的那份执念之外,特别是对其中老船夫坚韧品质的描写,会在一种无意识的状态下,激活每个人内心的情感,也对作品的出彩产生了推波助澜的作用。不论是对于贫困,还是亲情的坚持,这种下意识中存在的执念,使每个人无意识地把自己和小说中的人物相对应,都能使我们在小说之外找到某种切合点,激励自己,鼓舞自己。或许,曾经你也是翠翠,只是你找到了属于你的傩送,或许你是那《边城》中的老船夫,对于生活、情感的坚持,我们都深陷其中。
读完《边城》,不能不被沈从文笔下湘西民族和整个中华民族美好的文化精神所打动。“人性是沈从文建筑文学理想大厦的起点和基石,是他创作的出发点,也是他对客观社会人生的独特视角和向人类远景凝眸的切入点” 那幽碧的远山、溪边的白塔、翠绿的竹篁、质朴的人民以及这美好的边城所发生的那段爱与守候的故事。在某种特定的条件下,被激发,然后一发不可收拾的投入其中。 圣地亚哥表现出了与老船夫同样高贵的人性品质,和命运勇敢抗争的圣地亚哥成为海明威笔下最完美的硬汉子。他在与大自然的抗争中以坚韧的毅力承受巨大的灾难而始终保持人的尊严,完美的体现了人生永恒的价值和生命的意义,淋漓尽致的阐释了海明威的死亡主题“生命因死亡而永恒,精神因死亡而大放异彩”。圣地亚哥是海明威塑造的最后一位悲剧英雄,也是他一生塑造硬汉形象的最后总结。“圣地亚哥身上的自信、乐观、不屈不挠的与命运抗争精神是其艺术形象的集中体现。”。贫穷且不走运的圣地亚哥的命运是悲哀的,但他却又是一个失败的英雄,肉体可以接受折磨,但是内在的意志却是神圣不可侵犯的“打不败的失败者”。海明威的硬汉子品格像精灵一样,紧紧依附在圣地亚哥这一人物形象上,这便是海明威式“硬汉”精神的象征。