摘要:《文心雕龙》诞生于魏晋南北朝时期,是我国文学史、文论史及美学史上空前绝后的理论巨著,有着独特的文学审美性。首先,语言方面,富有诗意的骈文和简洁凝练的赞语相结合,使文章形意兼美,论理清晰;其次,结构安排清晰整饬,不论整部书的布局还是书中某一章节的论述,都以提出论点,分析论点,得出结论为线索,逻辑分明,观点明确;最后,对儒家“文以明道”观念的继承和取舍,对道家“自然无为”思想的吸取,以及受佛教影响,重视“神理”,认为人文即是一种虚幻的存在,形成了儒、道、佛三家思想相交融的审美特征。对当时浮华奢靡的文风进行了有力的批判,并且提出了“自然之道”的审美原则,对中国古代美学思想的发展做出了重要贡献。
关键词:文心雕龙 文学 审美属性
ABSTRACT:“ Wen Xin Diao Long ”was born in the Wei and Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties, is unprecedented in Chinese history of literature, literary theory and aesthetics theory book, has a unique aesthetic literature. First of all, the language, poetic parallel prose in combination with concise words of praise, Make articles both the form and artistic conception, logical and clear; Second, the structure arrangement clear orderliness, whether the layout of the whole book or a chapter in the book, this paper is to put forward the argument, argument analysis, draw the conclusion for clues, logical and obvious, view clearly; Finally, the Confucian concept of "Writings are for conveying truth" on the inheritance and trade-offs, and the assimilation of "natural inaction" of Taoist thought, and under the influence of Buddhism, Pay attention to "the divine truth", believes that the humanity is a kind of unreal existence, formed the aesthetic features of Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism three thought of integration.Made a powerful critique about flashy luxury style at that time, and put forward the aesthetic principles of the "Tao of nature", made an important contribution for the development of aesthetic thoughts in ancient China .
Key words: “ Wen Xin Diao Long ”; literature; aesthetic property
《文心雕龙》作为一本诞生于“文学的自觉时代”的文学批评论著,不仅批判了当时浮华空洞的文风,匡正了儒家的文艺思想和孔子的地位,还全面系统地论述了文学的本体论和批评论以及文学的特质和规律,对于文学理论的建设具有空前的意义。
在文学迎来“自觉”的魏晋时代,文学批评也开始逐渐脱离经史的依附地位而独立存在。《文心雕龙》全书都是用优美的骈文写成,这与日常生活语言和散文语言在词语的运用、句式的结构上完全不同,可以营造出一种诗中有画的艺术境界,具有独特的艺术魅力。在此基础上,刘勰又打破对传统的严守和文体的界限,借用史赞的形式表达自己的文论,这种文学文体和史赞文体的结合不仅使《文心雕龙》在文论史上具有了空前绝后的重要地位,也对后世产生了极其重要的影响,开创了一种既具有普遍性又具有独特性的批评文本样式。
而《文心雕龙》强大的理论体系和完善的论述结构也达到了相当的高度,它不仅具有极其严密的逻辑性,而且探究剖析都鞭辟入里。刘勰在《序志》篇中将全书下半部分的理论探讨说成是“剖情析采”,并声明是进行“擘肌分理”的探讨,由此可见他对文学现象的层层分解和全书的篇章把握是充分自觉的,如此精细整饬的谋篇布局,加之颇受限制的骈文文体,可见刘勰的理论高度之高,思维逻辑之完善。