《聊斋志异》中男权意识消弱与固守的文化启示.doc

摘要:《聊斋志异》作为蒲松龄的代表作，也是中国古代文言文小说的巅峰作品。作品中塑造的各种形象千奇百怪，其中最引人关注的就是与作者本人最接近的一类书生形象，蒲松龄作为封建社会末期落魄书生典型代表，热衷于考取功名，从小熟读四书五经，因而具有浓厚的传统封建文化思想，使得男权意识根深蒂固。中国几千年的封建文化思想的沉淀具有强大的生命力，作为一个深受封建文化思想观念熏陶的文人，蒲松龄在作品中要塑造一群彻底摆脱封建男权束缚的书生形象，这是他生活的那个时代所不能做到的。但是，蒲松龄生活于明清交替时期，封建社会逐渐走向衰落，新型的资本主义生产关系和社会新思潮的出现，促使平等观念和民主意识相继萌芽，作者在此背景下塑造的书生形象，自觉不自觉地赋予了这一群体形象独特的时代性。蒲松龄在通过对书生形象的塑造与现实社会的结合，以及作者本身的遭遇，从而对男权意识产生怀疑，具有了反抗封建制度的意识，开始有意识地消弱男权意识和消解男权主导社会的地位。本文力图通过对男权意识消弱原因的探讨，引发对当今社会中依然存在的“男权意识”问题所具有启示意义的思考。

关键词：书生形象 男权意识 消弱 固守 文化启示

ABSTRACT:As the representative work of Pu songling <Liao zhai zhi yi>, is also the peak of the ancient Chinese classical Chinese novels. All sorts of strange image in the works, is one of the most striking a concern and the author himself the closest kind of scholar image, as a representative of the late feudal society and scholar typical Pu songling, keen to earning fame, since I read the classics, thus has strong traditional feudal culture thought, makes the entrenched patriarchal consciousness. Precipitation of several thousand years of Chinese feudal culture thought is has a strong vitality, as a favored by the feudal literati culture concept edification, Pu songling to shape a group of completely overthrow the feudal culture system completely get rid of the scholar image of the patriarchal consciousness bound is he can't do it. But, life transition from the Ming to the Pu songling, the feudal society gradually decline, the new capitalist production relations and the emergence of new social ideological trend, have made the idea of equality and democracy consciousness bud and author scholar of the image is created in this context, consciously or unconsciously gives the unique times this group image. Pu songling in through to the scholar image combined with the realistic society, and the author's own experience and accept new ideas, thus doubting the patriarchal consciousness, has the sense of revolt against feudal system, a conscious effort to weaken the patriarchal consciousness and male dominated society status. 

Keywords: The intellectual scholar image；masculine consciousness；weaken；defend tenaciously；Culture times

《聊斋志异》的出现时中国文言文小说达到一个巅峰，是作者蒲松龄用心去感受观察社会现实生活中人民疾苦，并结合自身的遭遇历时三十年完成的宏伟巨著。在结合自身的遭遇时，作品中因此出现了大量对书生形象的塑造，作者这样的感情代入旨在通过对这一群体形象的塑造过程，表达出自己的理想和感情寄托。

    分析这一群体形象就显得尤为重要，不仅可以让我们感受到那个时代的书生在摆脱命运时的苦苦挣扎，这既是社会现实的写照，也是作者自己的真实情况。而且作品中的描写不再全是“才子佳人”，书生形象也不再全是品行端良的有学之士。“佳人”的形象更多的是脱离了人的范畴由狐鬼幻化而来。在塑造这些“才子佳人”形象时作者运用两两对比的手法，书生间的对比：有情有义与薄情寡义。“才子佳人”的对比：有情有义的书生与“佳人”相比较时社会地位、经济地位处于弱势，更多的是需要她们的帮助，薄情寡义的书生往往在这两方面又处于一个较高的起点，“佳人”也更多的是被迫害的对象。样的对比手法描写是作者对男权意识固守和削弱的思考。本文旨在通过对这两类不同书生形象的分析，得出他们对男权意识的不同态度，进一步探讨对我们当今社会依然存在的“男权意识”问题的启示意。