摘要:“国民性”问题一直以来都是文学研究的一个重点,但同时也是一个难点。作为文学大师,鲁迅和沈从文对国民性的解剖各有所侧重和关注,但却都殊途同归。鲁迅重在揭示国民的弊病和劣根性,以“引起疗救的注意”,从而塑造出了阿Q这个以精神胜利为标志的不朽的文学典型,以及众多经典的“看客”形象;而沈从文则重在发掘和突显边城人民身上的传统美德和自然人性之美,使得国民性格得以重新塑造,而翠翠等人就是最好、最忠实的代表。
关键词: 国民性;揭丑;显美;《阿Q正传》;《边城》
ABSTRACT:"National character" problem has always been a focus of research literature, but it also a difficulty. As masters in literature, Lu Xun and Shen Congwen on the anatomy of it have different focus and attention, but they all reach the same goal by different routes. The Research focus of Lu Xun is discover the national disease and evil roots, as to" causing cure attention", thus to create Ah Q a sign of the literary typical by the spirit of victory, as well as many classic "onlookers" image; and Shen Congwen is to explore and highlight border town people's traditional virtue and the beauty of human nature, Then the national character is modeled afresh, and Cui Cui et al is the best and most loyal representative.
Keywords: national character; reveal the ugly; show the beauty; The True Story of Ah Q; The Border Town
本文主要通过对鲁迅的《阿Q正传》和沈从文的《边城》的对比,进而来发现问题,并以这样的一个思路来比较和分析两人对国民性问题的探讨。作为中国文学史上的两位文学大师,鲁迅和沈从文都用自己独特的视角来探究国民性这一问题。鲁迅是一个对现实有着清醒认识的人,他的《阿Q正传》这部小说,通过对国民的劣根性的解剖和批判,以及对人性的“丑”与“恶”的揭露,把我们带入了现实的“真”,令人深思和反省不断,故事读来更是让人笑中含泪,泪流满面。而沈从文的《边城》,则是用理想的“梦”与现实的“真”构筑起了理想的“湘西世界”,与小说之外的现实世界形成了鲜明的对比,使人们从中去认识“这个民族过去伟大处与目前堕落处”。通过对翠翠、老船夫和船总顺顺等人健康、理想人性的揭示,把我们带入了理想的“美”,欣慰之余,更多的是让人警醒。