摘要：《说文解字》是我国第一部以六书理论系统地分析字形、解说字义、辨识声读的字典，是我国语言学史上的不朽名著。唐宋以来，研究《说文》的非常多，清代极盛，著名的有段玉裁、朱骏声、桂馥、王筠。段玉裁的《说文》之学独树一帜，影响非常大，他的《说文解字注》当首推第一。此书问世后，很快就赢得了崇高的声誉，受到了当时学术界的极端推崇。段氏作注，多引古书古注为证，把对《说文》的注解与经传古籍中实际使用结合起来考察，这样使《说文》的注解有了文献依据，而文献中词义的使用也从《说文》中得到印证。然段玉裁在《说文解字注》中引述古籍时,常与通行古籍不一致。现谨以“舟”部为例，通过考察原文献语言材料，对其注文中引用古籍进行校勘。通过分析可知，由于盲目尊许，过于自信，再加上校雠之事属门下士以及所参版本的不同，导致了段氏在引用古籍时有讹误。但段书精当之处甚多，其收集材料之丰富，考证之周详，内容之广博，令人惊叹；虽有缺点，终是瑕不掩瑜。
关键词：说文解字注；段注；校勘
Abstract：Shuowen Jiezi（《说文解字》） is the first dictionary which systematically analyses grapheme, illustrates meaning and identifies pronunciation with the six categories of characters theory. It is a famous work in our linguistics history. Since the Dynasty tang and song, many people has studied Shuowen Jiezi（《说文解字》）, such as Duan Yucai, Zhu Junsheng, Gui Fu, Wang Yun, and so on. Duan Yucai worked on Shuowen Jiezi, his achievement is outstanding and influential, his Exegesis on Shuowen Jiezi（《说文解字注》） is at the peak .After being published, this book won the lofty prestige from academic circles quickly .Duan Yucai cited plenty of ancient books to prove his views. On the basis of those ancient books, his views are dependable. At the same time those words of ancient books are proved. But the exegeses are often inconsistent with general ancient books .Now, we take the category “Zhou” (舟) for example, inspect language material of original ancient books, and carry on collating. From the analysis, we can see that Duan made some mistakes while cited from ancient books, because of following Xu Shen blindly, extreme self-confident, different edition as well as being collated by his apprentices. But he collected many materials and carried out research carefully, so this book is praised worthy very much. Although there are shortcomings, the flaw does not cover the fine jade. It is our best choice to study Shuowen Jiezi.
Key words: Exegesis on Shuowen Jiezi ; exegesis by Mr Duan; textual criticism
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