摘要:白居易是我国古代最著名的诗人之一,他的作品从唐代流传至今,影响着汉民族的世世代代。白居易的诗歌流传到日本后对日本的文学也造成了巨大的影响。在日本人心目中最伟大的中国诗人是白居易,他生前就有《白氏文集》和《白氏长庆集》流传于日本,许多日本的文学作品都有直接或间接引用白居易诗的痕迹。本文主要研究白居易讽谕诗、闲适诗、感伤诗以及杂律诗在日本平安时代、五山时代及江户时代的受容。在不同的时代,由于社会大环境的不同受容程度及方式也都会产生差异。
关键词 白居易;讽谕诗;感伤诗;闲适诗;杂律诗
Abstract:Bai Juyi was a famous poet in our country, his poems not only in the history of the Chinese nation sons handed down, affecting Chinese descendants, back to Japan's ancient literature brought far-reaching influence. In Japan , the greatest Chinese poet was Bai Juyi, he had a "White's essays" and "Bai Changqing set" spread in Japan, many Japanese literary works are direct, indirect references in Bai Juyi's poetry. This paper mainly studies Bai Juyi satirical poems, sentimental poems and Miscellaneous Poems in the Heian period, five times, Edo capacity. At different times, the social environment of different capacity level and will have a different way. This paper focuses on the Bai Juyi four poems in Heian period of acceptance.
Keywords:Bai Juyi allegory leisure sentimental miscellaneous poems
白居易在元和十年编写诗集时把自己的诗歌分讽谕诗、闲适诗、感伤诗、杂律诗四类,并在《与元九书》中云:“故仆志在兼济,行在独善。奉而始终之则为道,言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗,兼济之志也。谓之闲适诗,独善之义也。故览仆诗,知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗,或诱于一时一物,发于一笑一吟,率然成章,非平生所尚者,但以亲朋合散之际,取其释恨佐欢。”“又有事物牵于外,情理动于内,随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首,谓之感伤诗。”[1]讽谕诗主要反映各种社会和政治问题,来讽刺皇帝和朝廷大臣;闲适诗表现离开朝廷后休闲在家放松心情;感伤诗,让人悲伤,表现亲戚朋友欢聚、分离、死亡等事情;杂律诗,它注重节奏,讲究平仄声协调,声调和谐动听。这四类诗不仅在我国流传非常深广,对我国中唐以后诗歌有重要的影响,而且在日本的流传也非常深广,对日本的文学作品产生重要的影响。