[摘要]在中国当代文坛上,余华是一位不可多得的优秀作家。早年以一篇短篇《十八岁出门远行》登上文坛,随即被划入“先锋”作家的行列,余华开始在文坛大展拳脚。然而从上个世纪九十年代中期开始,文学评论界普遍认为余华已经从先锋写作转向民间立场,回归历史与传统;但是也有很多评论家认为,虽然从表面看余华的创作有先锋向现实转变的痕迹,但是究其本质,他的“先锋性”精髓仍然不变。这篇论文旨在通过对余华作品中父亲形象的解读,探究余华叙事的本质与内在。同时也结合诸位评论者的研究,做出自己的判断。
[关键词] 余华; 解构; 建构; 先锋性
[Abstract] On the contemporary literary scene in china,Yu Hua is a rare excellent writer. Early years,a short 18-year-old out travel boarded the literary world,was immediately assigned to the ranks of the “pioneer” writer Yu Hua started to flex its muscles in the literary world.However,from the mid-nineties,literary critics generally agreed that Yu Hua has grown from a pioneer writing to the civil position, return to the history and tradition; but there are a lot of critics have argued that, although the surface creation of Yu Hua Pioneer traces of transition to the reality, but research by its very nature, his "pioneering" the essence remains the same. This paper aims to explore the nature of Yu Hua narrative and inherent interpretation of father image in the works of Yu Hua. Also you and reviewers, to make their own judgments.
[Key words] Yu Hua; deconstruction; construction; pioneer
在20世纪中国文学中,“父亲”作为传统、权威、生命和文化本原的象征,始终是文学无法回避的话题。现代性侵入中国,在现代文坛上点燃了第一束火把,洞达世事的作家们开始试着对权威、传统文化进行自省、自否。到20世纪80年代中期,由于西方精神分析学说、后现代主义的全面涌入,中国知识界、当代文学界开始了新的探索。从某种意义上说,当代文学界是沿着现代文学的前进方向完成前人未尽之事业,并把研究向前推进了一些。
对“父亲”形象的颠覆与解构,其实早在鲁迅先生创作《狂人日记》之时就已经有所表现。“《狂人日记》中‘大哥’的形象实在可以被解读成‘父亲’的象征,他亲口说过可以‘易子而食’,有一回偶然议论一个不好的人,他便说不但该杀,还当‘食肉寝皮’,鲁迅还总结了封建文化即是‘吃人’之文化,或者说是‘杀子’文化。”[1]这位余华一直深深崇敬的大师仿佛在余华创作的土壤里埋下了解构“父亲”形象的因子。余华在解读“父亲”的过程中渐渐形成了一个“父亲”系统,他对父亲形象的塑造经历了解构——寻找——建构的过程。