论《世说新语.贤媛》中的女性形象.doc

[摘要] 《世说新语》中《贤媛》一门专写女性，塑造了许多个性鲜明的魏晋女性形象。这些女性大致可分为四类，包括：第一类，谨守德义的“旧”女性，她们德行高洁、深明大义，以陶侃的母亲为代表；第二类，识见非凡的贤女子，她们远见卓识、善于品人，展现出不输于男人的胆识与才情，如许允之妻；第三类，才华超轶的新女性，她们才情出众、聪明机智、洒脱风雅，代表人物是谢道韫；第四类，矢志于情的奇女子，她们用情至深、追求自由平等的婚恋，如郗嘉宾的妻子。这些女子呈现了不同以往时代的新女性特质，展示了魏晋独特的时代风貌和女性意识。

[关键词] 《世说新语·贤媛》  魏晋  女性形象

[Abstract]  The Chapter XianYuan of ShiShuoXinYu is a special section which wrote a lot of vivid female images. These female images generally could be divided into four types. The first refers to the traditional women who keep the morality and justice. These kinds of women understand the important principle thoroughly with virtuous morality, mother of Tao Kan is the example; The second refers to extraordinary insight and virtuous women whose was good at products people, show out does not lost Yu men of courage and talent, as Xu Yun of wife. The third refers to the brilliant new women with outstanding talent, intelligence and good taste who are always free and easy, such as Xie Daoyun. The forth refers to the legendary women who place high value on affection. They always have a deep feeling of love and pursue equal and free love and marriage, the wife of Xi Jiabin is a typical image. These women represent the new women character that are different from previous era and show unique style of Wei-Jin period and distinct feminine consciousness.

[Key words]  The Chapter XianYuan of ShiShuoXinYu    The Wei-Jin Dynasties    Female Images.

　　《世说新语》是魏晋南北朝时期志人小说的代表作，它生动地记述了魏晋社会的诸多方面，展现了魏晋士族的精神风貌。《世说新语》及刘注述及的人物总计多达一千五百余人，其中有一批独特风采的女性，她们虽不是主角，但却是全书庞大的人物体系中不可或缺的。魏晋时代是中国历史上一个十分特殊的时期，当时新的思想风潮波及了社会的各阶层，也影响到了当时的广大女性群体，使得这群女性的存在具有特别的意义。

　　世人对《世说新语》女性的研究实在蔚为大观，但这并不意味着相关课题的意涵已被发掘殆尽，无可再观。本文注意到，《世说新语》的编撰者特别设立了《贤媛》一门来描写当时的女性人物，以“贤”尊其德，以“媛”彰其雅，向我们展示了魏晋是女性的独特风采，可见当时的女性及社会的女性观确实有特别处。因此，本文以该篇为立足点，结合其它篇章，来讨论这些女性的特质及背后的社会意识。