摘要:张凤翼的《窃符记》演“信陵君窃符救赵”一事，本事源自于西汉司马迁撰写的《史记·魏公子列传》。随着时代的变迁，“窃符救赵”的故事不断地丰富发展，受到了小说家和戏剧家的青睐，不断地被敷演和改编。如清蔡元放将其改编成小说，并录入《东周列国志》；清无名氏作传奇《窃符记》；清杨潮观又将其改为杂剧《信陵君义葬金钗》。到了近代，郭沫若则敷衍其事将其改为话剧《虎符》。
依史改编而成的戏曲作品《窃符记》和《葬金钗》，虽然保留了故事的基本框架，但是在情节结构上却发生了改变。此外，故事中的人物也不断丰富完善。其中，作为“窃符救赵”故事中的主要人物——信陵君和如姬，也随时代的变迁和作者自身因素的影响，发生了变化，其形象得到不断的丰富。其中，信陵君的形象虽有所发展，但是并未有较大的突破，基本延续史传的精神，表现了他的礼贤下士和仁者之风。而如姬的形象则具有较大的发展，从最初知恩图报的孝女，发展成为敢作敢当、聪敏、敢于牺牲的侠女，再到“上纾国难，下报父仇”的忠孝女子。
关键词 《窃符记》；题材流变；情节结构；人物流变；创作主旨
Abstract:Zhang engyi,s "stolen token" plays "Xinling stolen character to rescue Zhao",which has the ability from the Western Han Dynasty, written by Sima Qian's "Records of Wei's Biography". With the changing times, the stolen character,s story of the rescue Zhao has been constantly enriched and developed by the novelist and dramatist of all ages, and then paltered and adapted. For instance ,Qing Dynasty Cai Yuanfang adapted it into a novel, and input into "Zhou Zhi"; Anonymous legend “stolen token "; Qing Dynasty Yang Chaoguan then turned into a drama “Xinling Jun meaningly buried nobile". Up to modern, Guo Moruo paltered the story and then changed it to drama "HuFu".
"stealing token" and "buried nobile” were adapted from the works in accordance with the history, while they retain the basic framework of the story, but the plot structure has undergone a change. In addition, the characters in the story is constantly enriched and improved. As "stealing character to rescue Zhao" story of the main characters - Xinling and RuJi, also have been constantly enriched with the changing times and of factors.The occurrence of a change in its images, Xinling image despite has a development, but not a major breakthrough, he basicly continue the spirit of history biography, showing his courteous and benevolent wind.Yet RuJi,s image has a larger development, she has developed into a Dare dare,Intelligent,and a touch of Zen who dares to sacrifice from initial indebted to the dutiful daughter, and then to a loyalty and filial piety,s who "relieve the national crisis, reported under Fu Chou".
Key words “the token” Evolution trajectory Plot structure People rheologica Theme
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