摘要:徐州梆子戏不是徐州土生土长的地方剧种,而是明清时期山西、陕西梆子唱腔传入徐州后,经几代徐州戏曲艺人的潜心研究创新而成。在过去几十年里,徐州梆子戏蓬勃发展,多次在国内大型演出和汇演上荣获大奖。新时期,徐州梆子戏更是与时俱进,在积极改革与创新舞台与表演艺术上取得了很大突破。然而,现阶段徐州梆子的传承面临着严重的年龄断层危机。若听之任之,这一宝贵的非物质文化遗产很有可能面临淘汰的厄运。为了更好的发展徐州梆子戏,要求徐州梆子剧团在紧跟时代潮流、坚守地方戏本色的前提下积极改革创新。坚持学校的专业指导和剧团不断演出,让更多的人了解徐州梆子戏,让更多的人加入到保护徐州梆子戏的队伍中来,让这朵艺术奇葩永远绽放在中国戏曲艺术宝库之中。本文主要分析了新时期徐州梆子戏剧团、剧目以及表演方式的发展以及创新情况,并通过与传统徐州梆子戏剧目和表演艺术等方面的对比分析,结合调查研究的数据,提出了一些有利于传承和发展徐州梆子戏的措施。
关键词 徐州梆子戏;传承;发展
Abstract:Xuzhou Bangzi opera is not a native of local operas in Xuzhou.But the Ming and Qing Dynasties Shanxi, Shaanxi clapper singing, incoming Xuzhou, Xuzhou, performers across generations of painstaking research innovation made. In the past few decades, Xuzhou Bangzi play flourish, multiple award-winning large-scale performances and show. The new period, Xuzhou Bangzi play more times, and made great breakthrough in positive reform and innovation on the stage and performing arts. However, at this stage Xuzhou heritage of the clapper facing a serious age faults crisis. If left unchecked, this valuable intangible cultural heritage is likely to face washed out. To achieve this, requires Xuzhou opera troupe in the trend of the times, adhere to the true nature of the local opera under the premise of positive innovation. The same time, adhere to the school's professional guidance and theater continue to perform, so that more people understand Xuzhou Bangzi play, allowing more people to join the team to protect the Xuzhou Clapper Opera, flower wonderful work of art is always blooming in the treasure house of Chinese Opera Art being.This paper analyzes the new era Xuzhou Bangzi drama group, repertoire and performing style development and innovation, and contrast with the traditional Xuzhou Bangzi theater projects and performing arts, etc. combined with the results of research data, which are conducive to heritage and development of Xuzhou clapper play measures.
Keywords Xuzhou Bangzi Opera Inheritance Development
作为江苏戏曲文化的重要组成部分,徐州梆子不仅历史悠久,梆子艺人也如星雕缀。为大众周知的就有徐州梆子班社“蒋门”、“殷门”等戏班以及“滕贡生班”、“戴金山班”。他们贴近民生,融合民俗曲艺,创造了许多脍炙人口的曲目,为民间艺术宝库增添了一大笔财富。建国后,徐州创建了专业梆子剧团“1948年,徐州梆子剧团成立,1960年改名为江苏省梆子剧团,‘徐州梆子’也定名为‘江苏梆子’,并于2006年成功申请国家非物质文化遗产名录。”[3]但是申报遗产的名称仍是‘徐州梆子戏’,所以老一辈戏曲艺术家和老戏迷仍习惯地称之为“徐州梆子”,而不是“江苏梆子”。近十年来,由于人民生活方式的转变,审美情趣和价值观也变得多元化,梆子戏剧团演出情况每况愈下,徐州梆子面临令人堪忧的改革和发展难题。鉴于此,许多文化学者加大了关注徐州梆子戏的力度,对徐州梆子戏也进行了深度的研究。如吴敢、董瑞华的研究成果《徐州梆子剧种特征论略》以及郝强有关梆子戏改革的论述,都对妥善解决徐州梆子戏传承与发展问题做出了很大贡献。新时期,徐州梆子戏更需要从自身出发,加强剧目和表演方式的创新和改革,适应社会发展,让自己变得更加优秀、更加多彩。