摘要：肥料作为农业生产、粮食增收的重要贡献者功不可没，然而，逐年递增的施用量、较低的利用率使肥料成为我国环境污染，尤其是水体污染的重要原因之一。本研究利用东昌府区种植业污染源普查数据，采用以面积为权重的加权算术平均法来计算单位面积肥料养分流失量，输入Arcview3.3，绘制了各乡镇TN、TP单位面积流失量及富营养化潜力值的空间分布图，对东昌府区农田肥料现状、分布特征及其成因进行了分析，结合聚类分析法，对东昌府区进行农田肥料污染防治区划，在此基础上针对各分区特征提出污染防治措施。结果表明：东昌府区农田氮肥普遍过量施用，蔬菜地和园地TN、TP流失量相对较高，农田肥料污染潜力的空间分布与各个乡镇的农作物种植结构密切相关；以单位面积污染负荷和种植结构为区划指标，将东昌府区划分为重点治理区、一般治理区、重点保护区和一般保护区，提出了推广测土配方施肥技术、积极开发利用绿肥、发展有机无机复合肥、大力提倡秸秆还田、种植结构合理布局、调整化肥品种结构等技术措施及统筹城乡环境保护、发展多种形式的适度规模经营、发展多种形式的适度规模经营等政策措施。
关键字：东昌府区；肥料污染；空间分布；防治区划；治理措施
Abstract：Fertilizer contributed significantly to agricultural production and food safety of China. However, high application rate and lower utilization efficiency made fertilizer one of the main pollution sources of China, in particular for water body. This study utilizes the census data of farming pollution sources of Dongchangfu District, uses the area weight of the weighted arithmetic mean to calculate the per unit area of nutrient loss. Then it inputs the per unit area of nutrient loss into Arcview3.3 and gets the spatial distribution of TN, TP loss and eutrophication potential per area. It analyses the current situation, distribution characteristic and causes of field fertilizer of Dongchangfu District, and carries on field fertilizer pollution prevention and control division of Dongchangfu District using cluster analysis. On this basis, it puts forward prevention and control measures according to the characteristics of every district. The result shows that the usage of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive , the losses of TN,TP of vegetable and garden are relatively high, the spatial distribution of field fertilizer pollution potential is closely to the planting structure of every town. Using the pollution load of per unit area and the planting structure as zoning index, the Dongchangfu District is divided into key management area, general management area, key protection area and general protection area. It proposes to promote soil testing and fertilizer technology, the use of green manure, organic and inorganic fertilizer, straw to farmland, planting structure rational distribution, adjusting fertilizer varieties structure and other technical measures and the urban and rural environmental protection, the development of various forms of moderate scale of operation, the development of various forms of moderate scale of operation and other policy measures .
Key words: Dongchangfu District; Fertilizer pollution; Spatial distribution; Prevention division; Control measures
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