美国专利壁垒的发展及中国企业的应对之道.doc

摘 要:发达国家具有强大的创新研发能力，拥有技术知识优势，并且极力维护自己的优势地位，形成市场垄断，最大程度的获取利润。越来越多的跨国企业利用专利来实现新的贸易壁垒，这样就形成了贸易保护主义的新形势-专利壁垒。专利壁垒是跨国公司滥用专利权进行市场垄断以获取不正当利益的手段，是比关税壁垒、反倾销反补贴更为严峻的知识产权壁垒的一种重要形式。而美国作为世界第一实力大国，专利制度尤其发达，国家和企业都及其重视专利保护，并通过专利壁垒这种新型贸易壁垒来维持和扩大自己的市场。美国是中国出口产品的最主要市场之一，然而近年来却屡屡遭受美国的侵权指责，被卷入专利纠纷，深受美国专利壁垒障碍的侵害。这对于中国出口产品进入国际市场来说是一项新的严峻的挑战。中国企业如何采取相应的应对策略来克服专利壁垒的障碍，是中国企业急需解决的问题。本课题拟从2012年受大家关注的美国苹果公司和韩国三星公司的专利纠纷案入手，通过对美国专利壁垒的一系列表现进行分析，揭示美国专利壁垒的发展对中国企业的影响，并根据中企应对美国专利壁垒的成功案例借鉴经验，提出相应的对策。

关键词：技术壁垒；专利；贸易

ABSTRACT:The developed countries have the powerful ability of creativity, the advantage of technology and knowledge, and they try to maintain their dominant position, the formation of monopolies in the market, to get the largest extent profit. More and more multinational companies use patents to realize the new trade barriers, and in this sense it formes the patent barriers. Patent barriers is the means that these modern Multi-National Corporation abuse patent rights to obtain improper benefits . It is a more severe form of intellectual property barriers than tariff  barriers, anti-dumping . But the the patent system of United States is especially developed as the world's first powerful country,  its' government and enterprises attach great importance on patent protection and patent barriers,they try to maintain and expand their market through this new trade barriers. The United States is one of the most major markets for China's exports, however, While Chinese export products continuously suffer the traditional trade barriers , in recent years they encounter American patent barriers repeatedly,,making Chinese exports face a new challenge in the process of entering the international market. what kind of measures that Chinese enterprises should take to eliminate the patent barriers, consolidate and expand the United States market is the the problem that Chinese enterprises must face and solve as soon as possible. This paper starts from our concerning patent case between American apple and Korean Samsung, reveal the influence on Chinese Enterprises by The development of the United States' patent barriers, and Put forward the corresponding strategy through successful case that Chinese enterprise replied American enterprise.           

Keywords :  Technology barriers,  Patents,  trade