摘要:加入WTO后，我国成为世界上领先的食品出口国之一，但是我国出口食品安全问题大大增加，其他国家提起诉讼也越来越多，极大地阻碍了我国的食品出口。美国，欧盟和日本等国家和地区，经常加强对我国的出口水产品，蔬菜，畜产品的检查和测试，甚至专门针对我国的食品设计一些特殊的食品安全标准，我国的食品出口遭遇巨大的经济损失，食品出口的声誉受到很大影响。2013年前4个月，美国食品药品监督管理局共退回了298个批次的我国食品，仅是4月份，FDA在全美各港口扣押了107个批次我国食品，其中包括苹果干、冻鲶鱼、扇贝和沙丁鱼、蘑菇等。如何应对我国出口食品因安全问题而屡屡遭遇退回的问题已经成为迫在眉睫的重要任务。
鉴于食品安全问题对食品出口贸易影响的重要性，本文采取综合分析法、比较法和总结归纳概括法，查找提取符合论文要求的数据资料，重点分析了我国食品出口因食品安全问题而被退回和通报的状况，并总结2010-2012年被美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区退回和通报的我国出口食品的安全问题表现。结果表明，我国被日本扣留食品的安全问题集中在微生物污染超标、农兽药残留超标、违规使用添加剂、黄曲霉毒素污染；被美国扣留食品的安全问题集中在不合格食品添加剂、微生物污染、农兽残等；被欧美扣留食品的安全问题集中在物质迁移、重金属超标、微生物超标、农兽残等。本文从国内和国际两个方面分析了我国出口食品因安全问题而屡屡遭受退回和通报的原因，其原因主要有：国际方面，食品安全成为多国实行贸易保护的借口，各个国家积极使用各种贸易保护措施，以保护自己的利益；国内因素主要表现在以下五个方面，分别是环境污染，食品安全检验检疫技术与设备落后，监管不到位，质量安全水平不高，国内外食品安全标准不一致。最后本文提出我国应对出口食品安全问题并促进食品出口贸易健康发展的具体措施。
关键词：食品安全；对外贸易；对策
ABSTRACT:Food has been the important issues of our lives， food safety directly affect our health hazard to life， with our food safety problems are often seen in the recent years; we also pay attention to this important issue of food safety. Food Safety and Foreign Trade has a significant association. The food industry is a pillar industry in China， having a pivotal position in China's economic development. Foods are safe will certainly affect the foreign trade of China's food situation. We want to develop our food industry， the food industry must be allowed to go out of the country， and the international competitiveness of China's food directly affects the level of food quality and safety. Thereby promoting the international competitiveness of China's food has become an increasingly important issue. But in recent years， due to food safety issues， food for export to the United States， European Union， Japan and other countries or regions often setbacks， the international community in improving food safety and quality standards， some of our food safety and quality standards far below the world other countries， the most important legislation law enforcement supervision system of China's food industry is not perfect， the punishment is not tough enough.
In this paper will take qualitative and quantitative analysis method of combining. And a holistic analysis， comparison and generalization method will be summarized. Find dates meet the requirements extracted through books and online papers， reading famous predecessors writings， using raw data for analysis through rigorous scientific approach.
We will focus on the analysis of status of China's food export industry and sum the reasons that China's food safety repeatedly subjected to the United States, Japan, the EU and other countries and regions during 2010-2012. The results show that the reasons for Japan's detention concentrated in microbial contamination exceeded pesticide and veterinary drug residue standards, illegal use of additives; U.S. concentrated in substandard food additives, microbial contamination， farm animals and disabled; the EU focused on mass transfer，heavy metals， microbial exceeded， agricultural residues and other animals. The main reasons are: domestic factors， the first is market failure， asymmetric information， public goods problem bring food safety issues; Secondly， due to environmental pollution， agriculture veterinary drug residues， microbial contamination， food scale， education and other problems; then the most important is the legal system of the regulatory system is not perfect， this is the underlying factor.
Finally are our specific measures to food safety. Government should establish and improve the food safety laws and regulations， strengthen supervision and management; and then to build a consumer-oriented consumption of food safety training system， to enhance information sharing and strengthen international industry communication. Consumers should strengthen and learn relevant food safety knowledge. Reducing security problems is the only way to enhance the competitiveness of China's food industry.
Keywords: Food Safety; Foreign Trade; measures
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