摘要:近几年来,山东省实施优势水产品区域布局规划,调整产业结构,依托沿海优势大力发展水产养殖业,水产养殖业质量和效益明显提高。对虾、扇贝、海参等优势水产养殖持续升温,鱼、虾、贝、藻、蟹及海珍品六大养殖产业带已成雏形。2012年,山东省以水产品828.4万吨的总产量,继续稳居全国首位;渔民人均收入1.25万元,比上年增长10.1%。同时,2012年山东省水产品出口量以114.62万吨的绝对优势,继续蝉联全国榜首。2012年以来,国际经济形势虽有回暖趋势,但仍处于状态低迷的复杂状态,各国为了保护本国市场和企业而设立的绿色贸易壁垒因素,对山东省这样的水产品出口大省来说产生较大影响。从山东省水产品对外贸易情况综合看来,水产品出口量总体保持平稳增长,但也呈现出低位回稳的态势。
本文首先介绍了山东省水产品生产和出口贸易的现状,包括水产品出口在我国水产品出口中所占的地位,出口贸易总量概况,出口市场等。
其次,介绍了水产品的主要出口市场欧盟、日本、美国和韩国等主要国家的绿色贸易壁垒情况。同时重点介绍绿色贸易壁垒对于山东省水产品出口产生的影响。
最后,根据问题产生的原因提出了有针对性的建议,其中重点强调山东省水产品出口面对绿色贸易壁垒的预警机制的建立。
关键词:绿色贸易壁垒;水产品出口;影响;对策
ABSTRACT:In recent years, Shandong Province, the implementation of regional planning advantages of aquatic products, adjusting the industrial structure, vigorously develop the advantages of relying on the coastal aquaculture industry, aquaculture industry quality and efficiency improved significantly. Shrimp, scallops, sea cucumbers and other advantages of aquaculture continues to heat up, fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae, crabs and seafood farming industry belt has become a prototype of the six. In 2012, Shandong Province to the total production of 8,284,000 tons of aquatic products, continued to rank first in the country; fishermen per capita income of 12,500 yuan, up 10.1 percent over the previous year. Meanwhile, in 2012, Shandong Province aquatic product exports to 1,146,200 tons of absolute advantage, still on top of the national list. Since 2012, despite the international economic situation eased, but still in the doldrums, various factors on the green trade barriers, Shandong Province aquatic product market demand have a greater impact. From the point of view of foreign trade of aquatic products in Shandong, the overall steady growth, showed low stabilization trend.
This paper introduces the Shandong Province aquatic production and export trade status, including the export of aquatic products in the export of aquatic products in the position occupied by the export trade volume profiles, export markets.
Secondly, the introduction of aquatic products main export market EU, Japan, the United States and South Korea and other major countries, the situation of the green trade barriers. While focusing on green trade barriers for the export of aquatic products, Shandong impact.
Finally, according to the cause of the problem made targeted recommendations, where emphasis Shandong Province aquatic product exports face green barriers set up an early warning mechanism.
Keywords: Green Barriers to Trade;Aquatic Products Export;Effect;Recommendations
随着经济全球化的进一步深化,贸易自由化的程度不断加深,关税、配额等传统贸易壁垒逐步在国际贸易中弱化,美国、欧盟、日本等主要发达国家(地区)在发展过程中,凭借他们在科技和环保标准上的领先地位和优势水平,在贸易过程中,设置了一系列的以安全卫生标准、绿色标准认证等为主要内容的绿色贸易标准,对水产品的市场准入设置了极为严苛条件。
2012年,世界经济进入发展困难的时期,经济面临下行的风险,呈现出复杂的脆弱性。全球范围内原料、劳动力以及生产资料等各种成本的变化频繁。各国加大了对水产品进口的限制以保护本国渔业,因此对山东省水产品贸易产生了较大影响。2012年,山东省水产品对外贸易实现进出口总量248.1万吨,总值74.5亿美元,分别下降6.2%和4.5%。究其原因,欧盟、日本、美国和韩国相继采取的各种绿色贸易壁垒措施来限制我国水产品的进口,是主要因素。
在这种国际大背景下,通过系统研究山东省水产品生产和出口的现状,分析贸易主要流向,同时重点分析绿色贸易壁垒对山东省水产品出口的影响,在此基础上提出相应的政策建议,尤其是在建立预警机制上提出具体做法,对于促进山东省乃至全国水产品出口贸易具有重大现实意义。