我国结构性失业的原因及对策研究.doc

摘要:随着改革开放的不断发展，我国经济建设取得了举世瞩目的成就，为了紧跟时代发展的大步伐，企业对高技能、高技术、高层次人才的需求也在迅速加大。我国虽然有着世界上最多的人口，但人口素质普遍偏低，缺乏劳动力知识和技能，加上我国城乡二元经济结构的影响，结构性失业成为我国总量失业的重要组成成分。结构性失业的存在造成了人力资源的极大浪费，影响了我国社会就业的稳定与和谐。因此，对我国的结构性失业问题进行研究，将会在我国失业问题的治理上产生重要的现实意义。

    我国结构性失业现状的特点，主要表现为：大学毕业生就业形势严峻；下岗职工再就业困难；民工荒问题突出；高技能、高技术、高层次人才荒现象普遍。本文通过贝弗里奇曲线同时结合引起结构性失业问题的成因，提出了我国结构性失业问题的相关治理对策。大力发展教育事业，保障政府对教育的投入力度、改革专业和学科设置、完善职业教育和培训；大力发展非公有制经济、扶持中小企业发展，三大产业协调发展、重点发展第三产业；完善劳动力市场体系，促进劳动力合理流动。

关键词：结构性失业；结构性失业现状；失业问题的成因；失业问题的相关对策

Abstract:With the continuous development of the reform and opening up, Chinese economic construction has made remarkable achievements, in order to keep up with the pace of time’s development, the demand for high-skilled, high-tech, high-level personnel is increasing. Although China has the largest population in the world, the quality of the population is generally low, for the labor’s lack of knowledge and skills. Coupled with the impact of the urban-rural dual economic structure, structural unemployment becomes an important component of Chinese total unemployment. Structural unemployment results in a great waste of human resources, affecting the stability and harmony of our society employment. Therefore, the study of the problem of structural unemployment has an important practical significance to the governance of the unemployment problem in China.

    Features of the status of Chinese structural unemployment, mainly as follows: grim university graduates’ employment situation; difficult laid-off workers’ re-employment; prominent problem of shortage of migrant workers; widespread shortage of highly skilled, high-tech, high-level talents. Through Beveridge curve combined with the causes of the problem of structural unemployment,this paper provides relevant countermeasures to solve structural unemployment . Such as,vigorously develop education,assure the Government's investment in education efforts, take reform of professional and academic settings, and improve vocational education and training; vigorously develop non-public economy, support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, coordinate the development of three major industries, focusing on the development of the tertiary industry; improve labor market system to promote the rational flow of labor.

Keywords: structural unemployment;the status of structural unemployment;the causes of unemployment;related countermeasures of unemployment.