摘要：2010年10月，G20财长和央行行长会议上，各国就IMF的份额改革问题达成共识，将在2012年之前向包括新兴国家在内、代表性不足的国家转移6%以上的份额，中国在IMF中的份额将由第八位跃升至第三位。
这一份额的提升将给我国带来多方面的机遇与挑战，产生政治、经济等多方面的深远影响。中国在迈向金融大国的道路上迈开了关键一步，预示着中国在未来的国际经济活动中拥有了更多参与国际重大事项的决策机会。然而更大的权利意味着更多的责任，实际权力和义务的不对等使我们面临着被西方发达国家胁迫和绑架的可能。
本文在全面分析中国在IMF中地位变化历史和现实的基础上，通过对国际货币体系沿革和美元霸权理论的细致剖析，澄清了我国面临的现实处境和应采取的理智对策。面对机遇与挑战，我们不但应把握自己，更要警惕陷阱、争取支持，巧妙利用国际经济利益的制衡关系，寻求更大的发展空间。同时要完善汇率制度，参与东亚货币合作，争取将人民币纳入特别提款权，来加快人民币国际化进程。
关键词：国际货币基金组织（IMF），美元霸权，份额提升，机遇与挑战
Abstract: On the conference of G20 in October 2010, different countries agreed on the idea concerning the reform of shares of members of the IMF that more than 6% of shares would be transferred to less representative countries including new ones by 2012. China will rise from the 8th to the 3rd in share.
The rise will bring about opportunities and challenges of different aspects and cause deep influence in economy and politics. China has gone far on the way to becoming a financial power, indicating that more decision making opportunities will come up in future international economic activities. However, greater power implies greater responsibilities. We are facing the possibility of being coerced by developed countries on account that actual rights do not go with duties.
Based on analyzing changes of status of China in the IMF, the development of the international monetary system and the hegemony of the US dollar, this paper makes clear our current situation and proper approaches to overcoming it. Not only should we do our utmost domestically, but also make the most of the balance of interests of different countries to struggle for a broader room to grow. Meanwhile, we need to improve our exchange system and accelerate the process of RMB internationalization by participating in the monetary cooperation of the eastern Asia and taking RMB into the Special Drawing Right.
Keywords: the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Hegemony of the US Dollar, Enhance of Share, Opportunities and Challenges
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