摘要:目前国际贸易中发达国家采用最多的实际上是汇款,但是由于我国是发展中国家,信用体系相对不是很发达,而且我国开始做进出口业务的时候,把风险看的比较重,所以在我国的贸易业务中,尤其是中小型企业信用证的使用比例一直比较高的。但是,随着进出口贸易的日益复杂、信用证业务本身的复杂性以及存在软条款的风险,有关信用证纠纷案件越来越多,如何在国际贸易结算中防止对方恶意欺诈,保护中小型企业的利益成为一个国际贸易结算中需要研究的问题之一。因此,本文试图通过系统的归纳我国目前中小企业国际贸易结算风险管理的发展状况、存在的问题,在此背景下提对外贸企业如何灵活运用国际结算方式以提高市场竞争力,降低收汇风险提出了对策和建议。
关键词: 中小企业 国际贸易 结算风险
Abstract:At present developed country in international trade the most used is actually the money, but because our country is a developing country, credit system is not very developed, but our country begins to do import and export business, the risk of more heavy, so in our trade business, especially small and medium enterprises credit usage ratio has been relatively high. However, as the import and export trade is becoming more and more complex, the letter of credit business and the complexity of the presence of soft clauses about risk, letter of credit disputes more and more, how to in international trade settlement in other malicious fraud prevention, protection of small and medium enterprises benefit to become an international trade settlement need to study the issue of. Therefore, this paper tries to systematically summed up our country present small and medium-sized enterprises in international trade settlement risk management development situation, existing problems, in this context of foreign trade enterprises how to apply international clearing the way to enhance the competitiveness of the market, reduce the risk of foreign exchange and proposes some countermeasures and suggestions.
Keywords: Small and medium-sized enterprises; International Trade; Settlement risk
在国际贸易结算过程中,由于交易双方分处在不同国家,涉及银行、运输、保险和通信等业务,工作环节多,手续繁复,使用的单据票证量大类杂,有关国际规则和惯例要求严格,加上国际市场变化多端,因此,国际贸易结算的风险始终存在。而中小企业的国际结算主要是通过各种支付方式来完成,如果中小企业贸易结算方式选择不当,会导致正常交易活动无法实现,对其持续经营产生重要影响。选择适宜的结算方式对中小外贸企业短期偿债能力也会产生影响。结算方式选择得当,不仅可以增加不少无息、低息的可用资金,降低对银行贷款的依赖程度,减少资金使用费用,而且可以降低结算成本,减少费用开支,提高外贸企业的经济效益。因此,加强对国际贸易结算方式风险的分析和研究,高度重视对此类风险的识别和防范,是中小外贸企业一项长期而重要的工作,本文即是在此背景下对中小企业的国际贸易结算风险问题进行探讨,以期为中小企业规避贸易结算风险提供参考性意见。