论清东陵石雕艺术的发展与演变_历史学.rar

摘要

　　　清东陵是中国清王朝的一个重要的陵墓建筑群。其中以顺治，康熙，乾隆，咸丰，同治，五位清代帝王的陵寝为主体的墓葬群。通过这些年对清东陵的发掘与研究，其精美的石雕艺术越来越受到人的重视。本论文依据探测结果、实地考察、文献记载和考古发掘资料进行分析，将清东陵石雕艺术作品分为石雕组合与布局、石雕题材和石雕技法三部分。清东陵历代皇陵石雕组合与布局的整体发展，体现出来的是一个由繁至简的过程。石雕题材上，反映了以佛教文化题材为主，逐渐吸收儒家文化的特点。石雕技法在清王朝得到发展，日趋成熟。这些特点反映了清王朝由清初的国力强盛，石雕精美，到清晚期的没落衰败，石雕缩减的朝代兴衰。

关键词：   清东陵    石雕    艺术    发展演变

Abstract

　　　Eastern Qing Tombs of the Qing Dynasty in China is an important tomb complex. Among them, Junji, Kangxi and Qianlong, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, five emperors of the Qing Dynasty burial tomb for the main group. Through these years Eastern Qing Tombs of excavation and research, its exquisite stone carving art more and more people's attention. Detection based on the results of this paper, field trips, historical records and archaeological data analysis, the Eastern Qing Tombs stone into works of art combined with the distribution of stone, stone materials and stone carving techniques of three parts. Eastern Qing Tombs and the layout of ancient tombs of stone composition of the overall development is reflected by a fan to the simple process. Stone subject matter,Reflects the main theme of Buddhist culture, gradually absorbed the characteristics of Confucian culture. Qing Dynasty stone carving techniques have been developed, mature. These characteristics reflect the Qing Dynasty by the Qing Dynasty of China was strong, exquisite stone carvings, to the decline of the decline of the late Qing Dynasty, the dynasty stone to reduce the rise and fall.

Key Words： Eastern Qing Tombs    Stone carving    art     Evolution