试述宋朝靖康之乱后江南地区的北方移民现象.doc

摘要：北宋末年，民族矛盾尖锐复杂，政局动荡。尤其靖康之乱后，宋室南渡，与其同行的还有大量的北方移民，动荡的政局推动北方移民大量向相对安定的南部地区迁移，而苏州（即当时的平江府），作为当时重要的南方地区，凭借其各方的优势吸引着大批的北民迁入，以致其迁入北民的数量仅次于后来南宋都城的杭州（即当时的临安府）。而北民的迁入对苏州社会生活的各个领域都产生了重要的影响。

关键词：北民南迁；靖康之乱；苏州地区；影响

Abstract: At the end of Northern-Song dynasty, each kind of contraditction incisive complex, surged the political. Large number of immigrants from north to the south in the early days of the Song court fleeing south after Jing Kang Calamity. At that moment,Suzhou was one of the most important city for the immigrants as a result of the poor situation. However,it was also attractive to go to Suzhou because of the strengths of all parties in this city. No wonder so many people came to Suzhou and Suzhou became the the second option for the immigrants after the Song court fleeing south to Hangzhou as its capital. In addition to all the above, it came to a great number of important implications for Suzhou because of the coming of the immigrants from the north.

Key words: Immigrants from north to the south; Jing Kang Calamity; Suzhou; Implications

　　发生在北宋末年靖康之乱以后的北方人口的大规模的南迁，是对我国南方地区开发和经济的发展产生重大影响的三次北方人口大规模南迁浪潮之一。与之前西晋永嘉之乱后和唐后期五代这两次移民浪潮相比，这次移民的规模最大，距离现在最近，对后世的经济文化的影响也最为深远。而对于靖康之乱的时间界定，史学界也存在着分歧。此处，笔者便采用张家驹先生一说，来界定靖康之乱的年限，先生曾说：“所谓靖康之乱，亦应包括和约订立以前的全部战争，前后共十七年（1125—1142）。”[1]靖康之乱后南迁的北方移民分布在南方的广大地区，其中江南、江西和福建吸收了最大量的移民，成为移民的主要区域。而作为江南的最主要区域——苏州，便成为了吸纳移民的重点地区。