试论明清学者对传统妇女观的批判.doc

摘要：在中国古代社会中，传统妇女观的内容主要是三从四德、男尊女卑、恪守贞节。明清时期专制制度的腐败、资本主义萌芽与商品经济发展、程朱理学的正统地位的动摇，这使得了社会进一步开放，这一时期出现了许多批判传统妇女观的思想家，他们提出女性要重视自己的权利，反对寡妇守节，提倡男女平等、婚恋自由，禁止缠足及重视自身才能等。

关键词：明清时期；批判；传统妇女观；妇女权利

Abstract：In the traditional society of China, generally exists to think that women are inferior to men, the three obedience  and the four virtues, chastity as the main content of the concept of women, but with the opening of the society, ideological progress, appeared a lot of criticism of the traditional view of women thinkers, they make women should pay great attention to their power, against the widow chastity, advocating the equality of the sexes, marriage freedom, prohibit the foot-binding and attach itself to other. This article is from the Ming and Qing dynasties that the traditional concept of social background, outstanding scholars in married widow discussion and the traditional view of women, women on their own to critique, rights and the pursuit of the emergence of the phenomenon of evaluation are analyzed. 

Key words：During the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Criticism; The traditional view of women;  Women's rights

在中国古代社会中，传统妇女观的主要内容是三从四德、男尊女卑、恪守贞节。这些封建腐朽的思想成为了两千多年来不断压迫、束缚妇女的工具。传统的妇女观在先秦及秦汉时期便开始形成和发展起来。但到了明清两代，传统妇女观对妇女们身心的钳制和束缚越演越烈。明清政府不仅通过法律法规来约束限制妇女的行为和思想，而且还通过物质的诱惑，来进一步强化男尊女卑、三从四德的观念。这样通过各种手段使得传统的妇女观念更加的深入人心。而另一方面，商品经济迅速发展，让人们的生活和思想都发生了极大地变化，不管是社会还是人们的思想都变得开放起来，涌现了大批著名的思想家对传统妇女观展开猛烈的抨击和反抗。而且妇女的意识也开始觉醒，女性开始追求自身的权利，如提倡男女平等、婚恋自由，禁止缠足及对自己才能的重视等方面。由于这三种权力是当时人们最为向往和重视的，所以笔者主要针对这三种权利作详细论述，本文即从明清时期出现反传统观念的社会背景、优秀学者针对寡妇再嫁问题的探讨及对一些传统的妇女观的批判、女性对自身才能、权利的追求和对出现这一现象的评价等方面进行探索。