内容摘要:在司法改革的宏观背景下,建立、健全诉讼与非诉讼相衔接的矛盾纠纷解决机制成为一个热点议题,多元化纠纷解决机制的建立势在必行。民事调解协议司法确认程序具有非讼性、合意性、简便快捷性、严谨性等特点。它有增强诉讼外调解协议的效力,为强制执行提供依据;促进民事调解制度法律效果与社会效果的统一,维护稳定和谐的社会局面;衔接调解制度与诉讼制度,促进多元化矛盾纠纷解决机制的建立与健全等功能。充分了解司法确认机制在实践中的运行状况以及存在的不足与问题对于更好的发挥该程序的功能、体现其价值有着重要的理论价值与实践意义。
关键词: 民事纠纷 调解协议 司法确认
Abstract: In the macro context of judicial reform, the establishment of a diverse dispute resolution mechanism is imperative. The establishment and improvement of conflicts and disputes settlement mechanism to convergence litigation and non-litigation is a hot spot. Judicial confirmation process in civil settlement agreement with the non-lawsuit, proceedings of the desirability of quick and easy, preciseness and so on. It enhances the effect of litigation settlement agreement and provides the basis for enforcement. It promotes civil mediation system of legal effects and social effects of reunification, and safeguarding a stable and harmonious social situation. It is the mediation system and the litigation system interface to promote the diversification of conflicts and disputes settlement mechanism of the establishment and improvement. Fully understanding the practice status and shortcomings of judicial confirmation mechanism has important theoretical and practical value for contributing to better play the function and reflecting its value of the program.
Key words: Civil Disputes, Mediation Agreement, Judicial Confirmation
“个人对其他人或者社会负有义务,社会可以为了其他人的权利和公共利益而要求所有个人放弃他们的某些权利,但不得侵犯或者牺牲个人的基本权利。”这表明在现代社会,个人的权利并不是没有边界的,个人权利的行使应尊重他人权利为前提,并要考虑到所带来的社会效果。社会纠纷发生后,“自决与和解是解决社会冲突最为原始和最为简化的形式。”因而本着对司法资源的节约、裁判效率的提高,对社会冲突采取非诉讼过程中的第三方调解具有重要的意义。“《若干规定》的出台,进一步明确和细化了司法确认案件的程序问题,进一步明确了确认的条件和范围,有利于维护国家和社会公共利益、当事人及案外人的合法权益。通过规范对调解协议的审查与确认方式,有利于鼓励当事人选择人民调解途径化解矛盾纠纷,进一步发挥人民调解在化解矛盾纠纷、维护社会和谐稳定中的积极作用,对于进一步健全诉讼与非诉讼相衔接的矛盾纠纷解决机制必将产生重要影响。”但是,《若干规定》仅十三个条文,对于许多具体操作中的问题并没有详细规定,这就需要各地区结合当地的实际情况,在《若干规定》的基础上制定切实可行的实施细则以促进司法确认机制实务工作的有序、良好展开。