摘要:电子商务是互联网释放其取之不尽用之不竭潜能的最佳途径,是信息时代承载知识经济运行和发展的最佳方式,是世界经济全球化的最佳选择。然而,由于电子商务自身具有的高速流动性、数字化、虚拟化、无形性和隐匿化等本质特征的拓展,对我国现行税收征管、税收管辖权、传统常设税务机构、我国重要税种中的部分税种产生了一定的影响。因此,为了保证我国税收主权,防止税款的大量流失,对电子商务对税收产生的影响及其对策的研究已势不可挡。由于我国电子商务发展较缓,在此研究问题上必须借鉴外国经验。其中最具代表性的是美国和欧盟委员会。出于对税收中性原则和保护发展中国家税收管辖权的考虑,我国将不会对电子商务实行免税政策,但对包括互联网在内的整个信息产业,都给予税收的倾斜并对信息技术给予优惠政策,从而明确了我国电子商务税收定位的基本思路。因此,解决我国电子商务问题的基本对策主要有五点。首先,确立电子商务税收原则。其次,完善我国现行税收制度。再次,建设电子化税收征管体系。最后,加强国际税收信息交流与合作,还有加快人才培养。以使我国在进一步发展和完善电子商务的过程中扬长避短,不断进步。
关键词:电子商务;税收;影响
ABSTRACT:E-commerce is the best way of releasing its inexhaustible potential of Internet, of carrying the operation and development of the knowledge-based economy in the information age, and of the globalization of the world economy. However, due to the unique high-speed mobility and digitization, and virtualization of e-commerce, and the expansion of the essential characteristics of invisibility, our current tax collection and tax jurisdiction, permanent tax authorities, part of the important taxes face challenges to a certain extent. Therefore, in order to ensure the sovereignty of China's tax revenue and to prevent a huge loss of tax of e-commerce, Research of its influence and countermeasures has been inevitable. Due to the slow development of China's e-commerce, we must learn from foreign countries and organizations. Among which the most representative are the United States and the European Commission. In Considering the principle of tax neutrality and the protection of tax jurisdiction in developing countries, China will not grant exemption to e-commerce, but the entire information industry, including the Internet, will receive tax tilt, and information technology preferential policies. That is the clarification the basic idea of the positioning of China's e-commerce taxation. Therefore, the basic countermeasures to solve the problem of China's e-commerce are the following five points. First of all, establish the principle of e-commerce taxation. Secondly,improve our current tax system . Third, construct the electronic tax collection system. Finally, strengthen international tax coordination and cooperation, as well as train talents. So we can avoid our weaknesses, and continue to progress in the process of further development and improvement of e-commerce.
Keywords: e-commerce; tax; impact
在中国电子商务方兴未艾,电子商务税收理论、原则、政策、管理都极不完善的今天,研究电子商务引发的税收问题及相关税收理论、税收原则、政策、法规和税务管理措施的制定以及国际税收问题的妥善处理已势在必行。本文将从四个方面分析电子商务对我国现行税收体系的影响,并研究以美国、欧盟为代表的国外电子商务税收问题的解决方法,在借鉴的基础上,分析讨论适合我国现状的电子商务税收问题的基本对策。
电子商务已经成为人们日常的一种交易方式,其交易额也是逐年快速增加。由于我国现行税收体系的不完善,税收最重要的两个职能——组织财政收入与调节资源配置的职能,在电子商务领域起不到应有的作用。电子商务作为经济中不可或缺的一部分,己经产生了足够的税源空间,而且随着电子商务进一步的发展其税源还将不断扩大。电子商务的发展还需要国家的监控,而国家监控的最有效工具之一就是税收,通过税收政策的制定与实施,保证电子商务的快速健康发展。因此,有必要对电子商务这种新的交易方式进行深入的研究,并在此基础上对其产生的对税收体系的影响进行系统的研究。对电子商务产生的对我国现行税收体系影响的研究,一方面能促进电子商务的健康发展,体现税收的资源配置功能;另一方面,能增加国家财政收入。从而,尽快消除电子商务对我国现行税收体系的影响,促进信息时代的知识经济又好又快发展具有重要意义,同时,也有利于维护税收主权。